A patient has type 1 diabetes (T1DM). The nurse is teaching her the early signs and symptoms of an insulin overdose, which include:

extreme thirst and excessive urination

abdominal pain and nausea

dyspnea, pallor and ketones in the urine

perspiration and a trembling sensation

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Extreme thirst and excessive urination: These are signs of hyperglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), not an insulin overdose. Insulin overdose typically causes hypoglycemia, not elevated blood sugar, which presents differently.

B. Abdominal pain and nausea: Abdominal pain and nausea are more commonly associated with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or gastroparesis rather than an insulin overdose. These symptoms are not the typical early signs of hypoglycemia caused by too much insulin.

C. Dyspnea, pallor, and ketones in the urine: These are also symptoms associated with DKA, which is a complication of insulin deficiency, not an insulin overdose. In DKA, blood sugar is high, not low, and ketones are present in the urine.

D. Perspiration and a trembling sensation: Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) from an insulin overdose often leads to symptoms like sweating, trembling, shakiness, and dizziness. These are early warning signs that the blood glucose is too low and insulin needs adjustment.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Hyperthyroidism: Hyperthyroidism is characterized by weight loss, insomnia, increased heart rate, irritability, and tremors, which are the opposite of the signs described in this case. Lethargy and excessive sleep are more typical of hypothyroidism, not hyperthyroidism.

B. Tay-Sachs disease: Tay-Sachs disease is a genetic disorder that affects the nervous system, leading to developmental regression and symptoms like muscle weakness, loss of motor skills, and seizures. It does not typically present with lethargy and excessive sleep.

C. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Type 1 diabetes typically presents with symptoms such as polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, and fatigue. While fatigue is common in type 1 diabetes, lethargy and excessive sleep, especially in a 4-month-old, are not indicative of it.

D. Hypothyroidism: Hypothyroidism in infants can cause symptoms like lethargy, excessive sleep, snoring, poor feeding, and weight gain. It is a common condition in infants and can result in delayed development if left untreated.

A. "Unsightly fatty tumors can develop when you do not adequately rotate injection sites." B. "Rotating your injection sites will help to reduce your risk of infection." C. "Failing to rotate injection sites will improve your ability prevent an insulin reaction." D. "Rotating your injection sites will help to reduce your risk for lipodystrophy."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. "Unsightly fatty tumors can develop when you do not adequately rotate injection sites.": While lipohypertrophy (fatty lumps under the skin) can develop from repeated use of the same injection site, the main reason for rotating sites is to avoid this and lipodystrophy.

B. "Rotating your injection sites will help to reduce your risk of infection.": Rotating injection sites can help prevent lipodystrophy, but it does not directly reduce the risk of infection. Proper technique is more important for preventing infection.

C. "Failing to rotate injection sites will improve your ability to prevent an insulin reaction.": Failing to rotate injection sites does not prevent insulin reactions. In fact, using the same site too often can cause insulin absorption problems and potentially affect blood glucose control.

D. "Rotating your injection sites will help to reduce your risk for lipodystrophy.": Lipodystrophy (which includes lipohypertrophy and lipoatrophy) can occur when insulin is repeatedly injected into the same site. Rotating injection sites helps to reduce the risk of these issues and ensures consistent insulin absorption.

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A patient has type 1 diabetes (T1DM). The nurse is teaching her the early signs and symptoms of an insulin overdose, which include:

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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