A patient with schizophrenia is prescribed Haloperidol 5 mg twice daily. The available concentration is 1 mg/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose?
5 mL
2 mL
10 mL
3 mL
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Haloperidol 5 mg per dose with a 1 mg/mL concentration requires 5 mL (5 mg ÷ 1 mg/mL). This antipsychotic stabilizes dopamine pathways in schizophrenia, reducing psychotic symptoms. Scientifically, accurate dosing ensures therapeutic receptor antagonism, controlling hallucinations while avoiding side effects like extrapyramidal symptoms, supporting mental health stability.
Choice B reason: Two mL (2 mg) underdoses the prescribed 5 mg, reducing efficacy. Haloperidol’s dopamine antagonism is critical for schizophrenia management. Scientifically, insufficient dosing fails to control psychotic symptoms, as subtherapeutic levels do not adequately block dopamine receptors, risking symptom persistence and worsening mental health outcomes.
Choice C reason: Ten mL (10 mg) per dose doubles the prescribed amount, risking toxicity. Haloperidol overdosing can cause severe extrapyramidal symptoms or neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Scientifically, excessive dopamine blockade disrupts neural balance, leading to neurological complications, making precise dosing essential for safe schizophrenia treatment.
Choice D reason: Three mL (3 mg) underdoses the required 5 mg, compromising efficacy. Haloperidol’s therapeutic effect relies on sufficient dopamine receptor antagonism. Scientifically, subtherapeutic dosing fails to stabilize neural hyperactivity, risking persistent psychotic symptoms like hallucinations, undermining effective management of schizophrenia and patient stability.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Administering anti-anxiety medication immediately risks inappropriate treatment without assessment. Acute anxiety post-trauma involves heightened amygdala activity and cortisol. Scientifically, premature medication may disrupt neurotransmitter balance, potentially worsening confusion or delaying stabilization of trauma-induced stress responses, hindering recovery.
Choice B reason: A quiet space and reassurance reduce anxiety by calming amygdala-driven stress responses. Scientifically, this lowers cortisol, stabilizing autonomic arousal and promoting emotional regulation. This creates safety, mitigating trauma’s neurobiological impact and supporting recovery by addressing acute anxiety and confusion effectively post-accident.
Choice C reason: Leaving the patient alone risks worsening anxiety and confusion. Trauma-induced stress elevates cortisol and amygdala activity. Scientifically, isolation may exacerbate dissociation or fear, delaying emotional stabilization. Supportive intervention is needed to address neurobiological stress responses and ensure psychological safety post-traumatic event.
Choice D reason: Asking for detailed recounting risks re-traumatization, intensifying anxiety. Scientifically, premature trauma processing heightens amygdala activity and cortisol, worsening confusion and stress responses. Stabilization through a calm environment is needed first to ensure emotional readiness for processing trauma’s psychological impact safely.
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Strenuous activities are inappropriate for delirium, as they increase physical and mental stress. Confusion and hallucinations stem from neurochemical imbalances, like acetylcholine deficiency. Scientifically, exertion elevates cortisol, worsening agitation and disorientation, risking injury and delaying recovery in elderly patients with delirium.
Choice B reason: Frequent reorientation helps reduce confusion in delirium by reinforcing reality. Scientifically, it supports cognitive function, countering acetylcholine deficits and stabilizing neural activity. This reduces agitation and hallucinations, improving patient orientation and aiding recovery by addressing delirium’s neurobiological disruptions in a structured manner.
Choice C reason: A calm environment minimizes sensory overload, reducing delirium symptoms. Scientifically, quiet settings lower cortisol and stabilize brain function, countering neuroinflammatory responses causing hallucinations. This supports emotional regulation, ensuring safety and aiding recovery in elderly patients with delirium-related cognitive impairments.
Choice D reason: Assigning a sitter ensures safety, preventing falls or harm during delirium. Hallucinations and confusion increase injury risk due to impaired judgment. Scientifically, constant supervision stabilizes the patient’s environment, reducing stress-induced neural hyperactivity and supporting recovery by maintaining safety amidst delirium’s cognitive disruptions.
Choice E reason: Monitoring vital signs and consciousness tracks delirium progression, identifying causes like infection. Scientifically, fluctuations in vital signs or consciousness reflect neuroinflammatory or metabolic changes, guiding interventions. Regular monitoring ensures timely treatment, stabilizing brain function and preventing complications in elderly patients with delirium.
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