A sudden, painless, unilateral vision loss may be caused by which of the following?
Retinal detachment
Corneal ulcer
Acute glaucoma
Uveitis
The Correct Answer is A
A. Retinal detachment is correct because it often presents as sudden, painless, unilateral vision loss. Patients may describe a curtain or shadow descending over the visual field, flashes of light, or floaters. Retinal detachment is an ophthalmic emergency, as prompt surgical intervention is required to prevent permanent vision loss.
B. Corneal ulcer is incorrect because it typically causes pain, redness, tearing, photophobia, and decreased vision, not painless vision loss. Corneal ulcers are often associated with infection or trauma and are usually painful, unlike retinal detachment.
C. Acute glaucoma is incorrect because acute angle-closure glaucoma presents with sudden, severe eye pain, headache, nausea, halos around lights, and blurred vision, often with a steamy cornea and mid-dilated pupil. Vision loss is usually accompanied by significant discomfort, making it a painful condition rather than painless.
D. Uveitis is incorrect because it usually causes eye pain, photophobia, redness, and blurred vision, which are painful and inflammatory symptoms. Vision loss is not typically sudden and painless, and it may be bilateral depending on the underlying cause.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Heart failure is incorrect because heart failure primarily affects ventricular filling and ejection, leading to extra heart sounds like S3 or S4 gallops, not a systolic click. S3 occurs due to rapid ventricular filling, often in systolic dysfunction, while S4 is related to stiff ventricles in diastolic dysfunction. Neither produces the characteristic high-pitched mid-systolic click of MVP.
B. Ventricular volume overload is incorrect because while it can cause systolic murmurs from regurgitant lesions or S3 gallop, a click is not a feature of volume overload alone. The click is specific to valvular leaflet motion rather than increased volume.
C. Decreased myocardial contractility is incorrect because reduced contractility typically produces weak or low-output heart sounds, S3, or systolic murmurs related to ventricular dilation, but not a systolic click.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Tricuspid valve regurgitation is correct because a holosystolic murmur at the left lower sternal border that increases with inspiration is classic for tricuspid regurgitation. Inspiration increases venous return to the right heart, augmenting right ventricular stroke volume and thus intensity of right-sided murmurs. The murmur radiates toward the xiphoid area or right sternal border, consistent with the anatomical location of the tricuspid valve.
B. Pulmonic valve regurgitation is incorrect because it produces a diastolic murmur, usually early diastolic, best heard at the upper left sternal border and often increases with expiration, not inspiration. It does not present as a holosystolic murmur at the left lower sternal border.
C. Mitral valve regurgitation is incorrect because it causes a holosystolic murmur at the apex of the heart, radiating to the axilla, and its intensity does not increase with inspiration. Mitral regurgitation is a left-sided murmur, so it is not affected by inspiration in the same way as right-sided murmurs.
D. Aortic valve regurgitation is incorrect because it produces an early diastolic decrescendo murmur best heard at the right upper sternal border. It is a left-sided diastolic murmur, not holosystolic, and does not increase with inspiration.
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