A woman asks the nurse, "How do oral contraceptives prevent pregnancy?" What will the nurse explain about the combination of estrogen and progesterone in oral contraceptives?
Prohibits implantation of the egg
Acts as a barrier by destroying sperm
Makes cervical mucus hostile to sperm
Prevents ovulation
The Correct Answer is D
A. Prohibits implantation of the egg: Combination oral contraceptives alter the endometrium, which can make implantation less likely, but this is not their primary mechanism of action.
B. Acts as a barrier by destroying sperm: Oral contraceptives do not act as a physical or chemical barrier to sperm and do not destroy sperm.
C. Makes cervical mucus hostile to sperm: Progestin components thicken cervical mucus, which does impede sperm movement and contributes to effectiveness, but this is an adjunct mechanism.
D. Prevents ovulation: Estrogen plus progestin primarily suppress the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis, preventing the LH surge and thus preventing ovulation -the main contraceptive effect.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. An intrauterine device (IUD): IUDs (both levonorgestrel and copper types) are long-acting reversible contraceptives with very high effectiveness and low user-dependence, making them among the most reliable methods.
B. A diaphragm with spermicide: A diaphragm with spermicide is less reliable than long-acting methods because effectiveness depends on correct use and timing.
C. An oral contraceptive: Oral contraceptives are highly effective with perfect use but are more user-dependent (daily dosing) so typical-use failure rates are higher than IUDs.
D. A male condom: Male condoms provide important protection (including STI prevention) but are more prone to user error and have higher typical-use failure rates than IUDs.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Breast examination by a health professional. While clinical breast exam may be part of care, it is not the primary population-level screening test used for early breast-cancer detection in most screening programs.
B. Mammography. Mammography is the standard, common screening test for breast cancer (recommended by screening guidelines for eligible age groups) and is appropriate to teach about in a community preventive-health program.
C. Breast self-examination. BSE can raise awareness of breast changes, but formal screening programs emphasize mammography; routine BSE is no longer universally recommended as a primary screening method.
D. Breast biopsy. Biopsy is a diagnostic procedure performed after an abnormal screening/diagnostic finding, not a screening test.
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