A woman who is at high risk for alcohol abuse has just found out that she is pregnant. The nurse counsels her about the long-term effects of alcohol on the child. All of the following defects the nurse should point out have the highest risk factor, except:
facial anomalies.
short attention span.
low IQ.
Down syndrome.
The Correct Answer is D
Rationale:
A. Facial anomalies is incorrect because prenatal alcohol exposure is strongly associated with characteristic facial features seen in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, including smooth philtrum, thin upper lip, and small palpebral fissures. These are well-documented effects of alcohol on the developing fetus.
B. Short attention span is incorrect because neurodevelopmental effects of alcohol exposure often include attention deficits, hyperactivity, and behavioral problems, which are common in children affected by fetal alcohol exposure.
C. Low IQ is incorrect because prenatal alcohol exposure can cause cognitive impairments, including reduced IQ, learning disabilities, and difficulties with executive functioning. These are recognized long-term effects of maternal alcohol use during pregnancy.
D. Down syndrome is correct because Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by trisomy 21, not by maternal alcohol consumption. Alcohol use does not increase the risk of Down syndrome, making this the exception among the listed defects.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Latent TB infection is a condition in which TB germs remain in the host in a dormant state – True. In this state, the bacteria are alive but inactive, and the host’s immune system keeps them under control, preventing disease.
B. Latent TB is asymptomatic, which is why individuals may be unaware of their infection until screening or exposure testing.
C. Reactivation occurs if the immune system becomes compromised, such as during HIV infection, immunosuppressive therapy, diabetes, malnutrition, or aging. Reactivation leads to active TB disease, which is symptomatic and highly contagious if pulmonary involvement occurs.
D. People with latent TB do not shed the bacteria and therefore cannot transmit TB. Only active pulmonary TB poses a significant infection risk to otherTop of FormBottom of Form
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Facial anomalies is incorrect because prenatal alcohol exposure is strongly associated with characteristic facial features seen in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, including smooth philtrum, thin upper lip, and small palpebral fissures. These are well-documented effects of alcohol on the developing fetus.
B. Short attention span is incorrect because neurodevelopmental effects of alcohol exposure often include attention deficits, hyperactivity, and behavioral problems, which are common in children affected by fetal alcohol exposure.
C. Low IQ is incorrect because prenatal alcohol exposure can cause cognitive impairments, including reduced IQ, learning disabilities, and difficulties with executive functioning. These are recognized long-term effects of maternal alcohol use during pregnancy.
D. Down syndrome is correct because Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by trisomy 21, not by maternal alcohol consumption. Alcohol use does not increase the risk of Down syndrome, making this the exception among the listed defects.
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