All mutations are harmful to the cell.
false
true
The Correct Answer is B
Not all mutations are harmful to the cell. Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence, and their effects depend on the location and nature of the change. Some mutations are neutral, causing no noticeable effect on cellular function. Others can be beneficial, providing an adaptive advantage under specific environmental conditions, such as antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Harmful mutations do exist and can disrupt protein function, leading to cell dysfunction or death, but the presence of a mutation does not automatically equate to harm. The impact of a mutation is determined by how it affects gene expression and protein activity.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Budding or exocytosis: Enveloped viruses acquire their lipid envelope from the host cell membrane during exit. This process occurs via budding, where the viral capsid pushes through the host cell’s plasma membrane, incorporating host lipids into the viral envelope, or via exocytosis, where the virus is transported in vesicles and released without immediately lysing the cell. This allows the host cell to remain viable for a period, facilitating viral production.
B. Rupturing the virus: Viruses themselves do not rupture; they rely on host cell processes for replication and exit. Rupturing the viral particle would destroy the virus, so this is not a method of viral release.
C. Endocytosis: Endocytosis is a mechanism by which host cells internalize viruses, not a method for viral exit. Viruses enter cells through endocytosis to initiate infection but leave through budding or exocytosis.
D. Bursting the host cell: Lysis or bursting is a common exit strategy for non-enveloped viruses but not for enveloped viruses. Enveloped viruses avoid immediate lysis to preserve the host membrane needed for their lipid envelope, allowing for more controlled release.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. a purine always bonding to a pyrimidine: This describes the complementary base-pairing rule in DNA, where adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine. While important for replication fidelity, it does not define the concept of semiconservative replication.
B. one helix strand that runs from the 5' to 3' direction and the other strand runs from the 3' to 5' direction: This describes the antiparallel orientation of DNA strands, which is essential for replication and enzymatic activity but does not capture the semiconservative nature of DNA replication.
C. each base bonding at the 1' position of the sugar: This refers to the covalent attachment of nitrogenous bases to the sugar molecule in nucleotides, forming nucleosides. It is a structural detail of nucleotides but unrelated to the semiconservative replication process.
D. an original parent DNA strand and one newly synthesized DNA strand comprising a new DNA molecule: Semiconservative replication means that each daughter DNA molecule retains one original (parental) strand and contains one newly synthesized complementary strand. This mechanism ensures genetic continuity and reduces errors during cell division.
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