All mutations are harmful to the cell.
false
true
The Correct Answer is B
Not all mutations are harmful to the cell. Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence, and their effects depend on the location and nature of the change. Some mutations are neutral, causing no noticeable effect on cellular function. Others can be beneficial, providing an adaptive advantage under specific environmental conditions, such as antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Harmful mutations do exist and can disrupt protein function, leading to cell dysfunction or death, but the presence of a mutation does not automatically equate to harm. The impact of a mutation is determined by how it affects gene expression and protein activity.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Allosteric inhibition: Allosteric inhibition occurs when a molecule binds to a site other than the enzyme’s active site (the allosteric site), causing a conformational change that reduces enzyme activity. It does not involve direct competition between similar substrates for the active site.
B. Competitive inhibition: Competitive inhibition occurs when two molecules that are similar in shape and size compete for binding at the enzyme’s active site. One molecule (the inhibitor) can occupy the active site, preventing the other substrate from binding. This type of inhibition can often be overcome by increasing the concentration of the actual substrate.
C. Active inhibition: “Active inhibition” is not a standard term in enzymology. It does not specifically describe the process in which molecules compete for the same active site and therefore does not accurately represent the scenario described.
D. Noncompetitive inhibition: Noncompetitive inhibition occurs when an inhibitor binds to a site other than the active site, changing the enzyme’s shape and reducing its activity regardless of substrate concentration. Unlike competitive inhibition, the inhibitor does not compete with the substrate for the active site.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Oncogenic virus: Oncogenic viruses are viruses that can cause cancer by integrating their genetic material into the host cell’s genome. This integration can disrupt normal cellular regulatory genes, activate proto-oncogenes, or inactivate tumor suppressor genes, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Examples include human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV), all of which are associated with specific cancers.
B. Non-infectious virus: A non-infectious virus is one that cannot successfully enter host cells or replicate, often due to damage or incomplete structure. Such viruses do not integrate into host DNA and therefore do not contribute to cancer development.
C. Structural virus: Structural viruses refer to viruses categorized based on their morphology, such as icosahedral, helical, or enveloped forms. While structure influences infectivity and stability, it does not inherently determine whether a virus is oncogenic or capable of causing cancer.
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