An 18-year-old male is taking Hydroxyurea for treatment of sickle cell anemia. Which options below indicate this medication is working successfully?

The patient experiences a decrease in hemoglobin S.

The patient experiences dehydration due to diuresis

The patient experiences an increase in fetal hemoglobin (Hbg F)

The patient needs fewer blood transfusions.

The patient experiences diuresis

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : C,D

A.   The patient experiences a decrease in hemoglobin S. Hydroxyurea does not decrease hemoglobin S levels directly; it works by increasing fetal hemoglobin (Hgb F) levels.
B.   The patient experiences dehydration due to diuresis. This is not an indication that Hydroxyurea is working; it is a potential side effect that should be monitored.
C.   The patient experiences an increase in fetal hemoglobin (Hbg F). Hydroxyurea works by increasing the levels of fetal hemoglobin, which reduces the sickling of red blood cells.
D.   The patient needs fewer blood transfusions. Successful treatment with Hydroxyurea should reduce the frequency of vaso-occlusive crises and the need for blood transfusions.
E.   The patient experiences diuresis. This is not an indicator of the medication's effectiveness; it is a potential side effect.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "My doctor will perform pelvic exams to detect for ovarian cancer.": Pelvic exams can help detect ovarian cancer or abnormalities in the pelvic region, although they are not always definitive.
B. "I will develop ovarian cancer If I have the BRCA1 gene.": While having the BRCA1 gene mutation increases the risk of ovarian cancer, not everyone with this gene mutation will develop the disease.
C. "I will have regular Pap tests to monitor for ovarian cancer.": Pap tests are used to screen for cervical cancer, not ovarian cancer.
D. "A decreased CA125 level places me at greater risk for ovarian cancer.": An elevated CA125 level is associated with ovarian cancer, not a decreased level.

A. "Clumping of abnormal red blood cells blocks the flow of blood through the capillaries." B. "Bleeding in the joints occurs because red blood cells are being rapidly destroyed by the bone marrow." C. "The pain is due to a disturbance in cellular metabolism." D. "The bone marrow is expanding with the sickled cells and that causes pain."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. This response accurately describes the pathophysiology of sickle cell crisis. During a crisis, sickled red blood cells clump together, leading to microvascular occlusion and impaired blood flow to tissues, resulting in pain.
B. Bleeding in the joints is not a characteristic feature of sickle cell crisis. It may occur in other conditions such as hemophilia or osteoarthritis but not in sickle cell crisis.
C. Disturbance in cellular metabolism is not the primary mechanism underlying the pain experienced during sickle cell crisis.
D. Bone marrow expansion with sickled cells may contribute to bone pain in sickle cell disease, but it is not the primary cause of pain during a sickle cell crisis.

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An 18-year-old male is taking Hydroxyurea for treatment of sickle cell anemia. Which options below indicate this medication is working successfully?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse in a provider's office is reinforcing teaching to a client who is at high risk for ovarian cancer. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

TJ, a 30-year-old client is admitted in sickle cell crisis with symptoms of dyspnea and leg pain. TJ's significant other asks, "I don't really understand why he is hurting so badly." Which of the following responses by the nurse is best?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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