An 18-year-old male is taking Hydroxyurea for treatment of sickle cell anemia. Which options below indicate this medication is working successfully?
The patient experiences a decrease in hemoglobin S.
The patient experiences dehydration due to diuresis
The patient experiences an increase in fetal hemoglobin (Hbg F)
The patient needs fewer blood transfusions.
The patient experiences diuresis
Correct Answer : C,D
A. The patient experiences a decrease in hemoglobin S. Hydroxyurea does not decrease hemoglobin S levels directly; it works by increasing fetal hemoglobin (Hgb F) levels.
B. The patient experiences dehydration due to diuresis. This is not an indication that Hydroxyurea is working; it is a potential side effect that should be monitored.
C. The patient experiences an increase in fetal hemoglobin (Hbg F). Hydroxyurea works by increasing the levels of fetal hemoglobin, which reduces the sickling of red blood cells.
D. The patient needs fewer blood transfusions. Successful treatment with Hydroxyurea should reduce the frequency of vaso-occlusive crises and the need for blood transfusions.
E. The patient experiences diuresis. This is not an indicator of the medication's effectiveness; it is a potential side effect.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","G"]
Explanation
A. Severe pain is a hallmark manifestation of a sickle cell crisis due to vaso-occlusion and tissue ischemia.
B. Fever can occur during a sickle cell crisis, often indicating an underlying infection or inflammatory response.
C. Normal blood counts are not typical during a sickle cell crisis; patients often exhibit anemia, leukocytosis, and thrombocytosis.
D. Clear urine is not a common manifestation of a sickle cell crisis; hematuria or dark-colored urine may occur due to hemolysis or kidney damage.
E. Increased energy levels are not typical during a sickle cell crisis; patients often experience fatigue and malaise.
F. Normal oxygen saturation levels may occur in some patients during a sickle cell crisis, but it is not a consistent finding.
G. Jaundice is common in sickle cell crisis due to hemolysis of red blood cells, leading to an increase in bilirubin levels.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. An endometrial biopsy. This test is used to diagnose endometrial cancer, not cervical cancer.
B. Papanicolaou test. The Pap test (Papanicolaou test) is the preferred and standard method for detecting cervical cancer by identifying precancerous or cancerous cells on the cervix.
C. CA 125. CA 125 is a tumor marker that is often used in the detection and management of ovarian cancer, not cervical cancer.
D. Transvaginal ultrasound. This imaging test is typically used to evaluate ovarian and endometrial abnormalities but is not the preferred method for detecting cervical cancer.
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