An adult female client presents to the emergency department (ED) reporting epigastric discomfort. The client reports shortness of breath and fatigue for the past two days. Which action should the nurse implement first?
Ask if taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Administer an antacid per protocol.
Place leads for an electrocardiogram.
Obtain a blood specimen for cardiac enzymes.
The Correct Answer is C
Rationale:
A. Ask if taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): NSAID use may contribute to gastrointestinal discomfort, but it does not address the immediate risk of a potential acute coronary syndrome. Assessing medication history is important but not the first priority.
B. Administer an antacid per protocol: Administering an antacid treats possible dyspepsia but does not address the possibility of a cardiac event, which is life-threatening. Immediate evaluation for cardiac causes takes precedence.
C. Place leads for an electrocardiogram: Epigastric discomfort, shortness of breath, and fatigue in an adult female may represent atypical presentation of myocardial ischemia. Placing ECG leads allows rapid identification of acute cardiac events and guides immediate interventions, making this the priority action.
D. Obtain a blood specimen for cardiac enzymes: Cardiac enzymes help confirm myocardial injury but take time for laboratory processing. ECG provides immediate diagnostic information, so enzyme collection is secondary to rapid cardiac assessment.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"C","dropdown-group-2":"B"}
Explanation
Rationale:
• Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS): SIRS can progress to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome if the inflammatory response becomes uncontrolled, leading to tissue hypoperfusion and organ failure. The client shows risk factors including advanced age, recent surgery, infection at the surgical site, and confusion. Early identification and monitoring are essential to prevent progression from systemic inflammation to MODS.
• Lactate level: Elevated lactate levels indicate tissue hypoxia and poor perfusion, serving as an early marker for sepsis progression and organ dysfunction. Monitoring lactate allows timely interventions to restore perfusion and prevent progression to MODS. Lactate trends provide objective data to assess the severity of systemic inflammatory response and effectiveness of therapy.
• Anemia: While anemia can complicate critical illness, it is not the primary risk associated with SIRS. The client’s hemoglobin is slightly low (12.2 g/dL) but does not explain systemic inflammation or risk for organ failure.
• Cardiogenic shock: Cardiogenic shock results from primary cardiac pump failure, which is not evident in this client. Vital signs show hypotension is mild, and there is no history of acute cardiac compromise. The main concern with SIRS is systemic inflammation progressing to MODS rather than isolated cardiac shock.
• Temperature: While fever is a defining criterion for SIRS, it is already accounted for in the initial diagnosis. Temperature monitoring alone does not reliably indicate progression to organ dysfunction. Lactate levels provide a more specific measure of tissue hypoperfusion and risk of MODS.
• Hemoglobin level: Hemoglobin monitoring assesses oxygen-carrying capacity but does not reflect systemic perfusion or inflammatory severity. While relevant for overall health, it does not provide early warning of SIRS progression to organ failure like lactate levels do.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Auscultate all chest fields for muffled lung sounds: While assessing for lung sounds can identify conditions like tension pneumothorax, the client is pulseless and apneic. Immediate resuscitation takes priority over further assessment of lung sounds.
B. Begin chest compressions at a rate of 120 times a minute: The client is in pulseless electrical activity (PEA), characterized by organized cardiac rhythm on the monitor without a palpable pulse or spontaneous respirations. High-quality chest compressions are the priority intervention to maintain circulation until advanced life support can be provided.
C. View the rhythm in another chest lead: While lead verification can prevent misinterpretation of rhythms, it delays critical resuscitative measures. In a pulseless client, immediate CPR takes precedence over rhythm confirmation.
D. Observe for swelling at the fracture site: Monitoring for fracture site swelling is important for orthopedic management but is not relevant to a life-threatening cardiac arrest scenario. Circulatory support must take priority to preserve life.
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