An adult says, "I have no answers," and "My opinion does not count." Which psychosocial crisis was unsuccessfully resolved for this adult?
Trust versus mistrust
Autonomy versus shame and doubt
Initiative versus guilt
Identity versus role confusion
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Trust versus mistrust, Erikson's first psychosocial stage (0–1 year), focuses on developing trust in caregivers for basic needs. Failure leads to fear and suspicion, not feelings of worthlessness or insignificance. These symptoms do not align with the adult’s statements about opinions not counting, making this choice scientifically inaccurate for the described crisis.
Choice B reason: Autonomy versus shame and doubt, Erikson’s second stage (1–3 years), involves gaining independence in actions like self-care. Failure results in shame and self-doubt about autonomy, not a broader sense of worthlessness or lack of influence. This stage is unrelated to the adult’s expressed feelings, rendering this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: Initiative versus guilt, the third stage (3–6 years), centers on initiating activities and asserting control. Failure leads to guilt over actions, not a diminished sense of self-worth or influence. The adult’s statements reflect identity struggles, not guilt from initiative, so this choice does not fit the psychosocial crisis described.
Choice D reason: Identity versus role confusion, Erikson’s fifth stage (12–18 years), involves forming a cohesive self-identity. Failure leads to role confusion, low self-esteem, and feelings of insignificance, directly aligning with the adult’s statements about having no answers and opinions not counting. This unresolved crisis persists into adulthood, making this the correct choice.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Role modeling involves demonstrating positive behaviors for others to emulate, often used in social learning. It does not involve applying negative stimuli like bitter substances to deter behaviors. Nail-biting treatment requires a direct intervention to discourage the habit, making this choice scientifically inappropriate.
Choice B reason: Aversion therapy uses an unpleasant stimulus, like a bitter substance, to create a negative association with an undesired behavior, such as nail-biting. This behavioral technique aims to reduce the behavior through conditioning, aligning with the described intervention, making this the correct choice for the therapy type.
Choice C reason: Milieu therapy focuses on creating a therapeutic environment to promote mental health, not targeting specific behaviors like nail-biting. It involves group dynamics and structured settings, not aversive stimuli. This approach is unrelated to the described intervention, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: Desensitization therapy gradually exposes individuals to anxiety-provoking stimuli to reduce fear, commonly used for phobias. It does not involve aversive stimuli to deter behaviors like nail-biting. This therapy is unrelated to the described intervention, making it an incorrect choice for this scenario.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: In Peplau’s orientation phase, the nurse establishes trust, fosters collaboration, and sets boundaries to build a therapeutic relationship. This foundation is critical for patients with psychiatric disorders, ensuring a safe space for engagement, making this the correct choice.
Choice B reason: Medication adherence is a clinical intervention addressed later, in the working phase, not orientation. The initial phase focuses on relationship-building, not specific treatments, making this choice incorrect for the orientation phase’s goals.
Choice C reason: Coping skill development occurs in the working phase, after trust is established. Orientation prioritizes relationship foundations like trust and boundaries, not skill-building, making this choice incorrect for the initial nurse-patient interaction phase.
Choice D reason: Long-term goals are addressed in the working or termination phases, not orientation, which focuses on establishing trust and rapport. Setting goals prematurely may hinder relationship-building, making this choice incorrect for the orientation phase.
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