An advanced public health nurse investigates a cluster of cases of learning disabilities, hearing impairment, and developmental delays in school-age children who live in an apartment complex that was built in 1971. The nurse suspects exposure to:

carbon monoxide.

lead.

nitrogen dioxide.

radon.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Rationale:

A. Carbon monoxide exposure primarily causes acute neurological symptoms, such as headache, dizziness, nausea, confusion, and in severe cases, loss of consciousness or death. It is not typically associated with chronic developmental delays or learning disabilities in children.

B. Lead is correct. Lead exposure, particularly in older housing built before 1978 when lead-based paint was commonly used, can cause cognitive deficits, learning disabilities, hearing impairment, developmental delays, and behavioral problems in children. Lead poisoning often occurs through ingestion of lead-contaminated dust, paint chips, or soil, especially in apartment complexes with deteriorating paint. Chronic exposure has long-lasting neurological and developmental effects, making it a critical public health concern.

C. Nitrogen dioxide exposure is primarily linked to respiratory issues, such as wheezing, asthma exacerbations, and decreased lung function, rather than cognitive or developmental impairments.

D. Radon is a radioactive gas associated with lung cancer risk, especially in adults, but it does not cause learning disabilities or developmental delays in children.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Rationale:

A. Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and prompt intervention to identify problems at an early stage and reduce their severity. Examples include screening for depression, identifying individuals at risk for violence, or early intervention after warning signs appear. Grief counseling after a suicide or homicide has already occurred does not fit secondary prevention because the violent event has already taken place.

B. Tertiary prevention is the correct answer. It focuses on reducing the long-term effects of an event that has already occurred and helping individuals and families cope, recover, and prevent further harm. Providing grief counseling to families of suicide and homicide victims helps address psychological trauma, complicated grief, and potential long-term mental health consequences, and may reduce the risk of future violence or mental health crises.

C. Primary prevention aims to prevent violence before it occurs by addressing root causes and risk factors. Examples include conflict resolution programs, violence-prevention education, gun safety initiatives, and community-based interventions. Grief counseling after a violent death does not prevent the initial event, so it is not primary prevention.

A. early-onset diabetes B. presence of a learning disability C. family history of alcoholism D. obesity

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Rationale:
A. Early-onset diabetes is incorrect because while it is a significant health concern, it is not a known risk factor for substance use disorder. Diabetes does not inherently increase susceptibility to drug or alcohol misuse.

B. Presence of a learning disability is incorrect because although learning disabilities may present social or academic challenges, they are not direct predictors of substance use disorder. They may indirectly contribute to stress or social difficulties but are not primary indicators.

C. Family history of alcoholism is correct because genetic and familial factors strongly influence the risk of developing substance use disorders. Adolescents with a family history of alcoholism are more likely to engage in substance use and develop dependency due to both genetic predisposition and environmental modeling.

D. Obesity is incorrect because while it can be associated with certain behavioral or health risks, it is not a key indicator or direct risk factor for substance use disorder.

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An advanced public health nurse investigates a cluster of cases of learning disabilities, hearing impairment, and developmental delays in school-age children who live in an apartment complex that was built in 1971. The nurse suspects exposure to:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

In an effort to reduce societal violence, the nurse is providing grief counseling to families of suicide and homicide victims. This is an example of what level of prevention?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse assesses a 15-year-old client who shows some signs of possible drug use. Which key indicators in the client's record should the nurse be prepared to discover to confirm the existence of an increased risk for substance use disorder?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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