The community health nurse knows that, frequently, a woman will stay relationship because she believes that.... Select all that apply.

Rationale:

A. Spiral fractures often result from twisting injuries and are commonly associated with physical abuse, particularly when the explanation for the injury is inconsistent with the child’s developmental abilities. This is considered active harm, not neglect.

B. This represents sexual abuse or culturally sanctioned harm, which is an intentional act causing injury. It is distinct from neglect, as neglect involves omission rather than direct harm.

C. Burns, especially patterned or localized, are classic signs of physical abuse. They indicate deliberate injury, not neglect, and are usually investigated as part of child protection interventions.

D. Persistent unclean appearance, body odor, unwashed or soiled clothing, lice infestations, or untreated skin infections may indicate neglect. Poor hygiene reflects a failure to provide for basic needs, which can affect physical health, self-esteem, social development, and school performance. It may also coexist with other neglect indicators such as malnutrition, lack of immunizations, or untreated medical conditions.

Rationale:

A. Primary prevention is the correct answer. It focuses on preventing disease before it occurs by reducing risk factors and promoting health. Providing oral health education and routine dental cleanings helps prevent tooth decay and periodontal disease from developing, which are classic examples of primary prevention activities.

B. Secondary prevention involves early detection and prompt treatment of disease, such as screening exams or diagnostic tests to identify disease in its early stages. While dental screenings can be part of secondary prevention, the emphasis in this scenario is on education and cleanings to prevent decay, not diagnosing existing disease.

C. Tertiary prevention focuses on reducing complications and restoring function after disease has occurred, such as fillings, extractions, or dentures. Since the clinic’s focus is on prevention rather than treatment of existing dental problems, this does not apply.