_____ are found especially in the mucous membrane, standing guard against parasites and allergens.
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
Basophils
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
The Correct Answer is E
A. Monocytes: These large leukocytes circulate in the blood before migrating into tissues to differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells. While they are vital for phagocytosis and antigen presentation, they are not the primary cells associated with parasitic defense. They act as general scavengers rather than specialized guards against allergens.
B. Lymphocytes: This category includes B cells, T cells, and Natural Killer cells, which are central to the adaptive immune response. While they reside in mucous membranes as part of the MALT system, they do not specialize in the destruction of parasites. Their primary roles involve antibody production and cellular cytotoxicity.
C. Basophils: These granulocytes circulate in the bloodstream and release histamine and heparin to promote inflammation. While they are involved in allergic reactions, they are generally less abundant in the mucous membranes compared to their tissue-resident counterparts. They are not the primary cell type dedicated to neutralizing helminthic parasites.
D. Neutrophils: Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cells and act as the first responders to acute bacterial infections. They utilize phagocytosis and respiratory bursts to destroy prokaryotic pathogens. They are not specialized for the larger multicellular parasites or the specific IgE-mediated pathways seen in allergic responses.
E. Eosinophils: These granulocytes are specifically adapted to combat parasitic infections by releasing cytotoxic chemicals from their granules. They are found in high concentrations within the respiratory, digestive, and lower urinary tracts. They also play a significant role in modulating allergic inflammatory responses and degrading histamine.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. To aid in defecation and urination: This maneuver involves forced expiration against a closed glottis, which significantly increases intra-abdominal pressure. This pressure assists in the expulsion of abdominal contents during micturition, parturition, and defecation. It is a fundamental mechanical aid for these physiological processes.
B. As part of the procedure for giving CPR to a person in respiratory arrest: CPR requires active chest compressions and rescue breaths to maintain circulation and oxygenation. The Valsalva maneuver actually restricts venous return to the heart and would be counterproductive during resuscitation. It is not a component of emergency life support protocols.
C. To ventilate the lungs during eupnea: Eupnea refers to normal, quiet breathing, which relies on the rhythmic contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostals. The Valsalva maneuver involves a voluntary cessation of airflow and high thoracic pressure. It is an intentional interruption of the normal ventilatory cycle.
D. To expel more than the usual tidal volume from the lungs: The expulsion of air beyond the tidal volume is achieved through active exhalation using internal intercostals and abdominal muscles. During a Valsalva maneuver, no air is actually expelled because the glottis remains tightly closed. It creates pressure without air movement.
E. To clear carbon monoxide from the body and replace it with oxygen: Clearing carbon monoxide requires the administration of high-concentration oxygen to displace the toxin from hemoglobin. Increasing intrathoracic pressure via the Valsalva maneuver does not facilitate gas exchange or toxin displacement. It focuses on mechanical pressure rather than chemical detoxification.
Correct Answer is E
No explanation
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