Biogenesis refers to the
spontaneous generation of organisms from nonliving matter.
development of life forms from preexisting life forms.
development of aseptic technique.
germ theory of disease.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Spontaneous generation of organisms from nonliving matter: This concept refers to the historical belief that living organisms could arise spontaneously from inanimate material, such as maggots forming on decaying meat. It is the opposite of biogenesis and was eventually disproved through controlled experiments by Pasteur and others.
B. Development of life forms from preexisting life forms: Biogenesis is the principle that all living organisms originate from other living organisms. It reflects the continuity of life and underlies modern biology, microbiology, and germ theory. Pasteur’s swan-neck flask experiments, confirmed microorganisms arise from existing microbes rather than spontaneously.
C. Development of aseptic technique: Aseptic technique refers to procedures used to prevent contamination by microorganisms during medical or laboratory work. While biogenesis supports the rationale for aseptic practices, the term itself does not refer to the development of these techniques.
D. Germ theory of disease: Germ theory states that specific microorganisms are responsible for specific diseases. Biogenesis provides foundational support for this theory because it establishes that microbes arise from existing organisms, but the term “biogenesis” specifically describes the origin of life, not the causation of disease.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Ehrlich: Paul Ehrlich is known for his work in immunology and chemotherapy, including the development of the concept of the “magic bullet” and the discovery of salvarsan for treating syphilis. While his work advanced the understanding of targeted therapies, he was not the first to develop vaccines.
B. Jenner: Edward Jenner is credited with developing the first successful vaccination. In 1796, he inoculated a boy with material from cowpox lesions and demonstrated that it conferred immunity against smallpox. This pioneering work established the principle of using a related, less virulent pathogen to prevent disease.
C. Lister: Joseph Lister introduced antiseptic surgery using carbolic acid to reduce postoperative infections. His contributions advanced surgical safety but did not involve the development of vaccines or active immunization.
D. Koch: Robert Koch provided experimental proof that specific microbes cause specific diseases through Koch’s postulates. While foundational in microbiology, he did not develop vaccines.
E. Escherich: Theodor Escherich discovered Escherichia coliand contributed to bacteriology and pediatric infectious disease research. His work focused on bacterial identification, not vaccination.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Plasmids are small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecules that exist independently of the bacterial chromosome. They often carry genes that provide selective advantages, such as antibiotic resistance, virulence factors, or metabolic capabilities, allowing bacteria to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures. Plasmids can replicate autonomously and may be transferred between bacteria through processes like conjugation, promoting the spread of resistance or virulence traits. Unlike the chromosomal DNA, plasmids are not essential for basic survival but play a critical role in bacterial evolution and pathogenicity.
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