Blood supply to the liver, stomach, pancreas, and intestines is provided by branches of the
Superior vena cava
Thoracic duct
Coronary arteries
Abdominal aorta
The Correct Answer is B
A. Superior vena cava: This is a large systemic vein that returns deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the right atrium. It does not deliver oxygenated blood to abdominal viscera. It is part of the venous return, not arterial supply.
B. Thoracic duct: This is the primary vessel of the lymphatic system responsible for transporting chyle and lymph into the venous circulation. It does not carry arterial blood or supply oxygen to organs. It is involved in fat transport.
C. Coronary arteries: These vessels arise from the ascending aorta to provide oxygenated blood exclusively to the myocardium of the heart. They do not extend below the diaphragm to reach the digestive organs. They are limited to cardiac circulation.
D. Abdominal aorta: This major vessel gives rise to the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery. these branches provide the essential arterial supply to all abdominal digestive organs. It is the primary source of oxygenated blood.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Variable:While the pH of the gastrointestinal tract changes between segments, the specific secretion of the intestinal crypts is consistently maintained. It does not fluctuate randomly under normal physiological conditions. It remains within a specific alkaline range.
B. Neutral:A pH of 7.0 would not provide the necessary buffering capacity against the highly acidic chyme arriving from the stomach. Intestinal juice must be slightly higher than neutral. This alkalinity is essential for neutralizing gastric protons.
C. Basic:Intestinal juice typically has a pH ranging from 7.4 to 7.8 due to its high bicarbonate content. This alkaline fluid protects the duodenal mucosa from acid-induced injury. It creates the optimal environment for pancreatic enzyme activity.
D. Acidic:An acidic secretion would exacerbate the low pH of the incoming gastric chyme. The intestinal mucosa is not designed to withstand prolonged acid exposure without neutralization. Acidic secretions are characteristic of the stomach, not the crypts.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Amylase:Salivary amylase is actually inactivated by the highly acidic environment of the stomach. Its optimal pH is neutral, and the presence of hydrochloric acid denatures the enzyme. It does not participate in gastric chemical digestion.
B. Pepsin:Chief cells secrete the inactive zymogen pepsinogen. Upon contact with hydrochloric acid, a portion of the molecule is cleaved to reveal the active site of pepsin. This protease then begins the hydrolysis of dietary proteins.
C. Lipase:Gastric lipase is secreted in an active form and is relatively acid-stable. It does not require hydrochloric acid for its activation, although it operates within the acidic gastric environment. Its activity focuses on the hydrolysis of short-chain triglycerides.
D. Trypsin:This pancreatic protease is activated in the duodenum by the enzyme enteropeptidase. It is never found in the stomach and would be denatured by the gastric pH. Its role is restricted to the alkaline small intestine.
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