What happens if too much chyme enters the duodenum at once?
It enhances gastric secretion.
It speeds up digestion.
It overwhelms the small intestine's processing ability.
It increases the rate of gastric emptying.
The Correct Answer is C
A. It enhances gastric secretion: Excess chyme in the duodenum actually triggers the release of secretin and cholecystokinin. These hormones inhibit gastric secretion to prevent further acid delivery. This is a negative feedback loop to protect the mucosa.
B. It speeds up digestion: Rapid entry of chyme leads to incomplete digestion and malabsorption. Enzymes cannot keep pace with large volumes of substrate entering the lumen simultaneously. Proper digestion requires slow, incremental exposure to pancreatic juices.
C. It overwhelms the small intestine's processing ability: Large volumes of hypertonic chyme can cause osmotic shifts, leading to "dumping syndrome." The duodenum cannot neutralize the acid quickly enough. This results in nausea, cramping, and ineffective nutrient absorption.
D. It increases the rate of gastric emptying: Duodenal distension and high acidity trigger reflexes that decrease gastric motility. This slows the rate of emptying to allow the duodenum time to process its current contents. It is a self-regulating brake mechanism.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
False:The liver is divided into two primary lobes by the falciform ligament (labeled C). The right lobeis the significantly larger portion (labeled A). The left lobeis the smaller portion located on the opposite side of the ligament, which is where letter D is pointing.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Amylase:Salivary amylase is actually inactivated by the highly acidic environment of the stomach. Its optimal pH is neutral, and the presence of hydrochloric acid denatures the enzyme. It does not participate in gastric chemical digestion.
B. Pepsin:Chief cells secrete the inactive zymogen pepsinogen. Upon contact with hydrochloric acid, a portion of the molecule is cleaved to reveal the active site of pepsin. This protease then begins the hydrolysis of dietary proteins.
C. Lipase:Gastric lipase is secreted in an active form and is relatively acid-stable. It does not require hydrochloric acid for its activation, although it operates within the acidic gastric environment. Its activity focuses on the hydrolysis of short-chain triglycerides.
D. Trypsin:This pancreatic protease is activated in the duodenum by the enzyme enteropeptidase. It is never found in the stomach and would be denatured by the gastric pH. Its role is restricted to the alkaline small intestine.
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