Both chemical and mechanical digestion start in the mouth and continue in the stomach.

A. High HDL: low LDL- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is known as "good cholesterol" because it helps remove cholesterol from the arteries. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is known as "bad cholesterol" because it can lead to plaque buildup in arteries. A high HDL to low LDL ratio is considered healthy as it is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease.

B. High LDL: low chylomicron- High levels of LDL are unhealthy as they increase the risk of plaque formation in arteries, which can lead to cardiovascular diseases. Chylomicrons are lipoproteins that transport triglycerides and cholesterol from the intestines to other parts of the body.

C. High SFA: low HDL- Saturated fatty acids (SFA) can raise LDL levels and lower HDL levels, leading to an unhealthy lipid profile and increased risk of heart disease.

D. High LDL: low HDL- High LDL and low HDL is an unhealthy combination because it increases the risk of cardiovascular disease due to higher potential for plaque buildup in the arteries.

A. Na+: Sodium (Na+) is the principal cation in the extracellular fluid (ECF), which includes interstitial fluid and blood plasma.

B. Ca2+: Calcium (Ca2+) is important in various bodily functions but is not the principal cation in the ECF. Sodium is more predominant in ECF.

C. Cl-: Chloride (Cl-) is the principal anion in the ECF, not a cation. Sodium is the principal cation.

D. K+: Potassium (K+) is the principal cation in the intracellular fluid (ICF), not the ECF. Sodium is the principal cation in the ECF.