Carbohydrates and proteins are synthesized from their basic building blocks by the
addition of a water molecule between each two units
removal of a carbon atom between each two units
removal of a water molecule between each two units
addition of a carbon atom between each two units
The Correct Answer is C
A. Addition of a water molecule between each two units: Adding water breaks bonds during hydrolysis, so this process does not synthesize carbohydrates or proteins but rather breaks them down.
B. Removal of a carbon atom between each two units: Synthesis does not involve removing carbon atoms. The carbon skeleton of monomers remains intact when forming polymers.
C. Removal of a water molecule between each two units: Condensation (or dehydration) reactions synthesize carbohydrates and proteins by linking monomers. Each bond formation releases a water molecule, connecting sugars into polysaccharides or amino acids into polypeptides.
D. Addition of a carbon atom between each two units: Carbon atoms are not added during polymerization; the existing carbon atoms in monomers are used to form the polymer chain.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Cholesterols: Cholesterol is a lipid molecule involved in cell membrane structure and as a precursor for steroid hormones, not as a catalyst for biochemical reactions.
B. Triglycerides: Triglycerides are fats used primarily for energy storage and insulation, and they do not function as enzymes.
C. Proteins: Most enzymes are proteins composed of amino acids. Their three-dimensional structure allows them to bind substrates and catalyze biochemical reactions efficiently, making them essential for metabolic processes.
D. Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates serve as energy sources and structural molecules but do not act as enzymes to catalyze reactions.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Contact: Contact signaling involves direct physical interaction between cell surface receptors and ligands on adjacent cells. This allows cells to recognize one another, which is crucial for tissue development, immune responses, and maintaining cellular organization.
B. Chemical: Chemical signaling involves the release of signaling molecules (like hormones or neurotransmitters) that travel to target cells, often over a distance. While important, it does not involve direct cell-to-cell recognition as contact signaling does.
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