Cleavage results in daughter cells containing half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.

A. Small intestine is the primary site of nutrient absorption. The majority of digestion and absorption of nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats occurs in the small intestine, particularly in the duodenum and jejunum.

B. Pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine but does not absorb nutrients itself.

C. Stomach plays a role in the digestion of proteins and the mechanical breakdown of food, but it absorbs very few nutrients, primarily alcohol and some drugs.

D. Large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes, but it is not the major site of nutrient absorption. Most nutrients are absorbed before food reaches the large intestine.

A. Sodium, potassium, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins: Sodium and potassium are micronutrients, not macronutrients.

B. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and water: Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are macronutrients, but water is not classified as a macronutrient. This option is partially correct but includes water, which is not a macronutrient.

C. Nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins: Nucleic acids are not classified as macronutrients; carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are.

D. Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, but not water: Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are macronutrients, and excluding water is correct since water is not a macronutrient.