Common commercial benefits of microorganisms include synthesis of
riboflavin.
acetone.
insulin.
aspirin.
riboflavin, acetone and insulin.
The Correct Answer is E
A. riboflavin: Certain microorganisms, such as fungi and bacteria, are used industrially to synthesize riboflavin (vitamin B2). Microbial fermentation allows large-scale production of this essential vitamin for dietary supplements and food fortification. The use of microbes provides a cost-effective and scalable method compared to chemical synthesis.
B. acetone: Acetone can be produced through microbial fermentation, particularly using Clostridium species in the acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation process. This method was historically important for industrial solvent production before petrochemical methods became widespread. Microbial synthesis allows renewable production from carbohydrate sources.
C. insulin: Recombinant DNA technology uses genetically engineered bacteria or yeast to produce human insulin. Microbes are transformed with the insulin gene, allowing high-yield production of biologically active insulin for diabetes treatment. This method replaced extraction from animal pancreases, improving safety and scalability.
D. aspirin: Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is chemically synthesized from salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. Microorganisms are not typically used in its industrial production, making this an exception among commonly microbially produced compounds.
E. riboflavin, acetone and insulin: Microorganisms are commercially exploited to synthesize riboflavin, acetone, and insulin through fermentation or recombinant DNA technology. These processes demonstrate the economic and therapeutic benefits of microbial biotechnology in vitamins, solvents, and pharmaceuticals.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The primary function of the cell envelope is to protect the bacterial cell and maintain its structural integrity, not to store genetic material or ribosomes. The cell envelope includes the cell wall, plasma (cytoplasmic) membrane, and, in gram-negative bacteria, an outer membrane. It provides a barrier against environmental stress, helps maintain cell shape, and regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell. Genetic material (DNA) and ribosomes are located inside the cytoplasm, not in the cell envelope. Therefore, while the envelope is essential for survival and interaction with the environment, it does not serve as a storage site for genetic components or protein synthesis machinery.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Kingdom → Class → Phylum → Order → Family → Genus → Species: This sequence incorrectly orders the taxonomic ranks because Phylum precedes Class in the hierarchical system. Classifying organisms requires moving from broadest to most specific, beginning with Kingdom, followed by Phylum, not Class.
B. Kingdom → Phylum → Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species: Kingdom is the most inclusive category, followed by Phylum, which groups organisms with similar body plans. Class, Order, and Family progressively narrow the classification, while Genus groups closely related species, and Species represents the most specific level, defining a single, reproductively isolated population.
C. Kingdom → Order → Class → Family → Genus → Phylum → Species: This sequence disrupts the proper hierarchical flow by placing Order before Class and Phylum after Genus, which contradicts the structured progression from broad to specific categories.
D. Species → Genus → Family → Order → Class → Phylum → Kingdom: This sequence lists the taxonomic ranks in reverse order, moving from the most specific (Species) to the most inclusive (Kingdom). While it represents a hierarchy, it does not represent the sequence from most inclusive to most specific.
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