Complete the sentence using the drop-down selections
When caring for a HIV+ patient the nurse is aware that
The Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"B","dropdown-group-2":"A","dropdown-group-3":"A"}
Rationale for Correct Answer:
- White plaque in the mouth: In HIV+ patients, white plaque in the mouth is commonly a sign of oral candidiasis, which presents as a white coating on the tongue or inside the mouth. This is a classic opportunistic infection in immunocompromised individuals.
- Candida albicans: Candida albicans is a fungal organism that causes oral candidiasis (thrush), which is a common opportunistic infection in HIV+ patients, especially when their immune system is compromised.
- Antifungal medications: The treatment for oral candidiasis is typically antifungal medications, such as fluconazole or nystatin, which help eliminate the fungal infection in the mouth.
Rationale for Incorrect Choices:
- Diarrhea: While diarrhea is common in HIV+ patients, it is not specific to any one opportunistic infection and could be caused by a variety of pathogens. It is not directly associated with Candida albicans, which causes white plaque in the mouth.
- Erectile dysfunction: Erectile dysfunction is a possible complication of HIV or its treatments, but it is not considered an opportunistic infection and does not relate to fungal infections like Candida albicans.
- Sore throat: Sore throat can be caused by many factors, including viral infections, but it is not specifically linked to Candida albicans or the treatment with antifungal medications.
- Streptococcus pneumoniae: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a bacterial pathogen that can cause infections like pneumonia, but it is not the cause of white plaque in the mouth or candidiasis.
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis, a serious bacterial infection, but it is not associated with oral candidiasis and is treated with antibiotics, not antifungals.
- Pneumocystis jirovecii: Pneumocystis jirovecii causes pneumonia in immunocompromised patients, especially those with HIV, but it does not cause white plaque in the mouth. It requires antiprotozoal medications for treatment.
- Antiviral medications: Antiviral medications are used to treat viral infections, such as HIV itself or herpes, but not fungal infections like oral candidiasis, which requires antifungal medications.
- Antibiotics: Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections, but Candida albicans is a fungal infection, so antifungal medications are required, not antibiotics.
- Antiprotozoal medications: Antiprotozoal medications would not be used for the treatment of Candida albicans infections (like oral thrush), which are fungal in nature and are treated with antifungal medications.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Impaired oral mucous membranes: Although oral mucosa may be affected in some conditions, this is not the priority diagnosis for a patient with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). The primary concern is the respiratory system, as PCP leads to severe difficulty breathing and impaired gas exchange.
B. Impaired gas exchange: Impaired gas exchange is the most critical priority because Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia primarily affects the lungs, leading to hypoxemia, respiratory distress, and compromised oxygen exchange. Addressing this is the immediate priority to ensure adequate oxygenation and prevent respiratory failure.
C. Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements: While nutrition is important, it is not the priority over airway and breathing concerns. Malnutrition may occur as a result of the disease or other factors, but it is secondary to ensuring adequate oxygenation and supporting respiratory function.
D. Activity intolerance: Although activity intolerance may be present in patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia due to respiratory distress, it is less urgent compared to ensuring adequate gas exchange and stabilizing the patient's respiratory status.
Correct Answer is ["D","E"]
Explanation
A. CBC, BMP, HIV viral load, VDRL: While some of these tests (such as CBC and BMP) may provide useful information, they are not definitive for diagnosing active tuberculosis. The HIV viral load and VDRL (syphilis test) are unrelated to confirming TB infection.
B. Vital signs every shift: Monitoring vital signs is important in any patient’s care, but it does not specifically assist with diagnosing tuberculosis. It is supportive but not diagnostic.
C. Heart healthy diet: While maintaining good nutrition is important, especially if the patient has unintentional weight loss, a heart-healthy diet does not directly contribute to diagnosing or managing active tuberculosis.
D. Chest x-ray: A chest x-ray is a crucial diagnostic tool for identifying active tuberculosis. It can reveal characteristic findings such as infiltrates, cavitation, nodules, or pleural effusions, which are highly suggestive of active pulmonary TB or other signs consistent with active TB.
E. Collect specimen x3 mornings for acid-fast bacilli: Collecting sputum samples for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear and culture is a key diagnostic step in confirming active TB, as it identifies the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the sputum.
F. Admit to a negative pressure room: A negative pressure room is essential to prevent the spread of airborne infectious diseases like tuberculosis however it is a measure to prevent spread of infection but it is not helpful in confirming diagnosis of TB.
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