During a teaching session for a patient on antithyroid drugs, the nurse knows which dietary instructions are needed.
Which of the following is the correct information for this patient?
Restricting fluid intake to 2500 mL/day.
Avoiding foods containing iodine.
Increasing intake of sodium and potassium containing foods.
Using iodized salt when cooking.
The Correct Answer is B
This question focuses on dietary management for patients taking antithyroid medications, such as methimazole or propylthiouracil. It requires understanding the relationship between iodine intake and thyroid hormone synthesis, and how diet can influence the therapeutic efficacy of medications aimed at reducing thyroid activity.
Choice A rationale
There is no standard clinical requirement to restrict fluid intake to 2500 mL per day for patients on antithyroid therapy. Fluid management should be individualized based on the patient's clinical status, not as a general instruction for this drug class.
Choice B rationale
Antithyroid drugs work by inhibiting the incorporation of iodine into tyrosine residues. Consuming high-iodine foods can counteract the therapeutic effect of these medications. Therefore, patients are instructed to avoid iodized salt, seaweed, and other foods rich in iodine.
Choice C rationale
Increasing sodium and potassium intake is not a standard requirement for patients on antithyroid therapy. Dietary sodium and potassium balance should be maintained within normal limits unless the patient has a specific clinical condition requiring modification of these electrolytes.
Choice D rationale
Iodized salt is a significant source of dietary iodine. Using it while taking antithyroid medication interferes with the drug's mechanism of action, which is designed to block iodine utilization, thereby reducing the overall effectiveness of the treatment for the patient.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
This question requires knowledge of the adverse effect profile of statin therapy. It focuses on identifying muscle-related toxicities, which are the most clinically significant complications of this drug class, necessitating vigilance for signs of muscle pain or breakdown to prevent severe renal damage.
Choice A rationale
Niacin is a vitamin used to improve lipid profiles, mainly by lowering triglycerides. While it causes side effects like flushing and pruritus, it is not primarily associated with the development of myopathy or muscle breakdown as its hallmark adverse effect.
Choice B rationale
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are known to cause myopathy, ranging from mild muscle pain to severe rhabdomyolysis. Monitoring for muscle aches and elevations in serum creatine kinase levels is essential to prevent potential renal failure caused by the release of intracellular muscle proteins.
Choice C rationale
Fibric acid derivatives can increase the risk of muscle injury, especially when used in combination with statins. However, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are more universally associated with the primary risk of myopathy, making them the most critical class to monitor for this specific complication.
Choice D rationale
Bile acid sequestrants work by preventing the reabsorption of bile acids in the intestine, which forces the liver to use cholesterol for synthesis. They are not systemically absorbed and therefore do not carry a risk of myopathy or muscle-related toxicities.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
This question addresses the clinical application of supplemental gut flora. It requires understanding the role of microbiota in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, which is necessary to recognize the therapeutic intent of probiotics in treating conditions where the normal microbial balance has been disrupted by antibiotics.
Choice A rationale
Probiotics are supplemental non-pathogenic bacteria and are not antibiotic agents. They lack the pharmacological mechanism to kill or inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and they should not be used as a treatment for acute or chronic bacterial infections.
Choice B rationale
Vitamin D absorption is facilitated by dietary fats and bile salts in the small intestine. Probiotics do not possess a physiological role in the metabolic process of vitamin D uptake, nor do they improve its bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract.
Choice C rationale
The gut microbiome is often disrupted by antibiotics or illness. Probiotics help replenish and maintain the diversity of commensal bacteria, which compete with pathogens and support intestinal health, thereby restoring the natural ecological balance within the gastrointestinal tract.
Choice D rationale
Probiotics are not a source of indigestible plant polysaccharides. Fiber is essential for bowel health and peristalsis, and probiotics cannot substitute for its physiological function in adding bulk to the stool or promoting regular bowel movements in patients.
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