During an assessment, the nurse notes clubbing of the client's fingernails. Which condition should the nurse suspect?
Chronic hypoxia
Acute dehydration
Sinusitis
Iron deficiency anemia
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A. Clubbing of the fingernails is a physical sign characterized by enlargement of the distal fingers and a loss of the normal angle between the nail and nail bed. It is most commonly associated with chronic hypoxia, which occurs in conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis, congenital heart disease, or interstitial lung disease. Chronic low oxygen levels trigger changes in the soft tissue beneath the nail bed, leading to the clubbed appearance.
B. Dehydration affects fluid balance and skin turgor but does not cause nail clubbing. Signs of acute dehydration include dry mucous membranes, decreased skin turgor, and hypotension, rather than changes in nail morphology.
C. Sinusitis is an acute or chronic inflammation of the sinuses. While it may cause facial pain, nasal congestion, or fever, it does not lead to clubbing of the nails, as it does not chronically affect oxygenation.
D. Iron deficiency anemia may cause koilonychia (spoon-shaped nails), pallor, or brittle nails, but it is not associated with clubbing. Koilonychia presents differently, with thin, concave nails rather than the bulbous enlargement seen in clubbing.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]
Explanation
Rationale:
A. A severe headache following trauma may indicate a subdural or epidural hematoma, intracranial hemorrhage, or other serious brain injury. Any new or worsening headache after a head injury warrants immediate evaluation.
B. Altered mental status, including confusion, disorientation, or decreased level of consciousness, can signal increased intracranial pressure, stroke, infection, or other neurological emergencies. This is considered a red flag symptom.
C. A sudden, severe “thunderclap” headache reaching maximum intensity within seconds to minutes can indicate subarachnoid hemorrhage or other vascular emergencies. Rapid onset headaches should be treated as urgent.
D. Neck stiffness or rigidity, especially when associated with headache, may suggest meningitis or subarachnoid hemorrhage. This combination requires immediate assessment and intervention.
E. Headaches that improve with rest are generally tension-type headaches or benign causes and are not considered red flag symptoms. While they may still require evaluation, they do not indicate an urgent or emergent condition.
Correct Answer is ["3"]
Explanation
Step 1: Identify desired dose and tablet strength
Desired dose = 1.5 mg, Tablet strength = 0.5 mg
Step 2: Use the formula
Number of tablets = Desired dose ÷ Tablet strength
Step 3: Insert values
= 1.5 ÷ 0.5
Step 4: Calculate
= 3 tablets
Final Answer: 3
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