Each alveolus is surrounded by a web of blood capillaries supplied by the
pulmonary artery
Inferior vena c
vena cava
aorta
pulmonary vein
The Correct Answer is A
A. Pulmonary artery: The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. It branches extensively into capillaries that surround each alveolus, allowing for efficient gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
B. Inferior vena cava: The inferior vena cava returns deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the right atrium. It does not supply blood to the alveolar capillaries.
C. Vena cava: Both the superior and inferior vena cava return systemic venous blood to the heart but do not directly supply the lungs or alveoli with blood for gas exchange.
D. Aorta: The aorta carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the systemic circulation. It is unrelated to the pulmonary capillary network surrounding alveoli.
E. Pulmonary vein: The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left atrium. They collect blood from alveolar capillaries but do not supply the capillaries themselves.
F. Superior vena cava: The superior vena cava returns deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the right atrium. It does not participate in supplying blood to alveoli.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Hilum:The hilum is the region where bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lung. While important for lung structure, it is not the area that accommodates the heart.
B. Oblique fissure:The oblique fissure separates the lobes of the lung but does not form an indentation for the heart. Its role is purely in dividing the lung into anatomical sections.
C. Base:The base of the lung rests on the diaphragm and supports the lung in the thoracic cavity. It is not shaped to accommodate the heart.
D. Cardiac notch:The cardiac notch is a concave space on the medial aspect of the left lung specifically molded to fit the heart. This indentation allows the heart to sit comfortably in the thoracic cavity without compressing the lung tissue.
E. Apex:The apex is the superior tip of the lung extending above the clavicle. It is distant from the heart and unrelated to the heart’s position in the thoracic cavity.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Monocytes are a type of white blood cell that circulate in the bloodstream. When they migrate into tissues, they differentiate into macrophages, which are large phagocytic cells capable of engulfing and digesting pathogens, cellular debris, and foreign particles. This differentiation is essential for the innate immune response and tissue repair.
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