Lymph is similar to blood plasma, but very low in
carbon dioxide
sodium and potassium
protein
metabolic waste
electrolytes
The Correct Answer is C
A. Carbon dioxide: Lymph contains dissolved gases, including carbon dioxide, in concentrations similar to blood plasma. CO₂ levels are not markedly reduced in lymph compared to plasma.
B. Sodium and potassium: Electrolyte concentrations, including sodium and potassium, in lymph are similar to those in blood plasma. Lymph effectively mirrors plasma ionic composition.
C. Protein: Lymph is very low in protein compared to plasma. Most plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, are too large to pass easily through capillary walls, so lymph carries only small amounts of protein, giving it a more watery consistency.
D. Metabolic waste: Lymph transports some metabolic wastes, such as urea and lactate, in amounts similar to plasma. These are not notably low in lymph.
E. Electrolytes: Electrolytes are present in lymph at concentrations comparable to blood plasma. The ionic balance in lymph helps maintain proper osmotic pressure and fluid movement in tissues.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Monocytes are a type of white blood cell that circulate in the bloodstream. When they migrate into tissues, they differentiate into macrophages, which are large phagocytic cells capable of engulfing and digesting pathogens, cellular debris, and foreign particles. This differentiation is essential for the innate immune response and tissue repair.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Reticular cells:Reticular cells provide structural support within lymphoid tissues by producing the stroma, but they do not engage in direct destruction of abnormal cells. Their role centers on organizing the tissue microenvironment rather than conducting immune surveillance.
B. Macrophages:Macrophages phagocytose pathogens and debris and help present antigens, but their actions depend on encountering targets rather than performing continuous nonspecific monitoring. Their surveillance is limited compared to NK cells’ rapid response capabilities.
C. Natural killer (NK) cells:NK cells constantly patrol the body and nonspecifically kill virus-infected and cancerous cells through perforin and granzyme release. They do not require prior antigen exposure, making them central to immune surveillance and early defense against abnormal cells.
D. T lymphocytes (T cells):T cells require antigen presentation and activation before responding, so they do not provide the immediate, nonspecific surveillance carried out by NK cells. Their function is part of adaptive immunity rather than constant innate monitoring.
E. Dendritic cells:Dendritic cells specialize in capturing antigens and migrating to lymph nodes to activate T cells. They contribute to immune activation but are not responsible for nonspecific detection and destruction of diseased cells.
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