Exhibits
For each medication, choose the drug classification and medication action.
Amlodipine
Aspirin
Lisinopril
Nitroglycerin
The Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A"},"B":{"answers":"B"},"C":{"answers":"C"},"D":{"answers":"D"}}
- Amlodipine: Amlodipine inhibits the influx of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscle and cardiac muscle, leading to vasodilation and reduced blood pressure. It’s used primarily for hypertension and angina.
- Aspirin: Aspirin irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX), thereby reducing thromboxane A2 production and platelet aggregation. It lowers the risk of clot formation in clients with suspected myocardial infarction.
- Lisinopril: Lisinopril blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. It lowers blood pressure and reduces afterload, which helps reduce cardiac workload in clients with hypertension or heart failure.
- Nitroglycerin: Nitroglycerin dilates both veins and arteries, particularly the coronary arteries, reducing myocardial oxygen demand and improving oxygen delivery. It’s used to relieve angina and manage acute chest pain.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Transvenous pacemaker placement: A pacemaker is indicated for bradyarrhythmias or heart blocks, not for tachyarrhythmias like atrial fibrillation. This patient’s rapid atrial fibrillation does not warrant pacing and requires rate control and anticoagulation instead.
B. Heparin infusion: In new-onset atrial fibrillation of unknown duration, anticoagulation is essential to prevent thromboembolism, especially before attempting cardioversion. Heparin is typically initiated to reduce stroke risk while further evaluation is performed.
C. Lidocaine IVPB: Lidocaine is an antiarrhythmic used mainly for ventricular arrhythmias such as ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. It is not effective for atrial fibrillation and is not part of AF management protocols.
D. Sedation for cardioversion: Cardioversion may be appropriate, but not until thrombus risk is evaluated and anticoagulation is established. In AF of unknown duration, immediate cardioversion is avoided unless the patient is unstable, to prevent embolic complications.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Bilateral tinnitus when initially standing up: Tinnitus is not a common or serious adverse effect of nitroglycerin. While it may indicate another underlying issue, such as hypertension or ototoxicity, it is not immediately life-threatening.
B. Dizziness when rising from the bedside: Dizziness can result from the vasodilatory effects of nitroglycerin causing orthostatic hypotension. It is relatively common and usually managed with safety precautions and monitoring rather than immediate reporting.
C. Hypotension with a systolic of 90 mm Hg: A systolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg is concerning after nitroglycerin administration, as the drug significantly lowers preload and can precipitate hemodynamic instability. This finding requires prompt HCP notification to prevent complications such as syncope or myocardial underperfusion.
D. Onset of headache after administration: Headache is a well-known and expected side effect of nitroglycerin due to cerebral vasodilation. While uncomfortable, it is generally benign and does not warrant immediate reporting unless it becomes severe or unrelenting.
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