For the management of acute angina, which medication is preferred for immediate relief?
Metoprolol.
Nitroglycerin.
Amlodipine.
Aspirin.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Metoprolol is a beta-blocker used for long-term management of angina by reducing myocardial oxygen demand. It is not suitable for immediate relief of an acute anginal attack because its onset of action is slower than that required for rapid symptom resolution.
Choice B rationale
Nitroglycerin is a potent vasodilator that is the preferred medication for immediate relief of acute angina. It works by relaxing vascular smooth muscle, primarily in the veins, leading to a reduction in preload and myocardial oxygen demand, and also dilating coronary arteries.
Choice C rationale
Amlodipine is a long-acting calcium channel blocker used for the prevention of angina. It is not used for acute attacks because its primary effect is on chronic vasodilation and reduction of afterload, and it does not have a rapid onset of action suitable for immediate relief.
Choice D rationale
Aspirin is an antiplatelet agent used to prevent myocardial infarction in patients with coronary artery disease. While it is often administered during a suspected heart attack to reduce clot formation, it does not provide immediate symptomatic relief of anginal pain.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Nonselective beta blockers can mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia, such as tachycardia and tremors, in patients with type 1 diabetes. This poses a significant risk as it can delay recognition and treatment of a dangerously low blood sugar level, which can lead to seizures, coma, and death.
Choice B rationale
Nonselective beta blockers block both beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors. Blocking beta-2 receptors in the lungs leads to bronchoconstriction, which can trigger a severe, life-threatening asthma attack (status asthmaticus) by narrowing the airways and making breathing extremely difficult.
Choice C rationale
Nonselective beta blockers can decrease lower esophageal sphincter tone and may worsen acid reflux symptoms. While uncomfortable, this effect is not typically considered an immediately life-threatening adverse event and can be managed by diet, lifestyle changes, and other medications.
Choice D rationale
While nonselective beta blockers are used to treat hypertension, they can cause adverse effects like bradycardia or hypotension. However, these effects are usually manageable and not as immediately life-threatening as the bronchoconstriction that can be induced in a patient with asthma.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex. It is involved in the body's stress response, metabolism, and immune function, but is not produced by the thyroid gland, which is primarily focused on metabolic regulation.
Choice B rationale
Thyroxine, also known as T4, is the main hormone produced by the thyroid gland. It is a key regulator of metabolism, growth, and development. The thyroid also produces a smaller amount of triiodothyronine (T3), which is more potent than T4.
Choice C rationale
Insulin is a hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas. Its primary role is to regulate blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells for energy or storage. It is not associated with thyroid function.
Choice D rationale
Adrenaline, or epinephrine, is a hormone produced by the adrenal medulla. It is a crucial part of the "fight or flight" response, increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and glucose release from stores, and is unrelated to the thyroid gland.
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