Functions of the bacterial cell membrane include
transport of nutrients in and out of the cell.
replicating DNA.
synthesizing proteins.
secretion of cell metabolites into the extracellular environment.
helping the cell maintain its shape.
Correct Answer : A,D
A. transport of nutrients in and out of the cell: The bacterial cell membrane is a selectively permeable phospholipid bilayer that regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell. It contains transport proteins, channels, and carriers that facilitate passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport of nutrients such as glucose, amino acids, and ions.
B. replicating DNA: DNA replication occurs primarily in the nucleoid region of the bacterial cytoplasm where the bacterial chromosome is located. Enzymes such as DNA polymerase and helicase carry out replication within this region. The cell membrane does not directly participate in DNA replication.
C. synthesizing proteins: Protein synthesis in bacteria occurs on ribosomes, specifically the 70S ribosomes located in the cytoplasm. These ribosomes translate messenger RNA into polypeptide chains during the process of translation. The cell membrane does not perform protein synthesis, although some proteins may later become embedded in or associated with the membrane.
D. secretion of cell metabolites into the extracellular environment: The bacterial cell membrane plays a major role in secretion processes. Specialized membrane transport systems and secretion pathways move metabolic byproducts, enzymes, toxins, and signaling molecules from the cytoplasm to the extracellular environment. This is important for nutrient acquisition, communication with other cells, and interactions with host tissues.
E. helping the cell maintain its shape: Maintenance of bacterial cell shape is primarily the function of the cell wall, which is composed largely of peptidoglycan. The rigid cell wall protects the bacterium from osmotic pressure and gives the cell its characteristic morphology. The cell membrane is flexible and does not provide the structural rigidity necessary to maintain shape.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Obligate aerobe: An obligate aerobe requires oxygen for growth because it relies on aerobic respiration to produce ATP. Without oxygen, these bacteria cannot generate sufficient energy and will fail to survive. Examples include Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
B. Obligate anaerobe: An obligate anaerobe cannot tolerate oxygen and may be killed or inhibited by its presence. These bacteria rely on fermentation or anaerobic respiration for energy and are typically found in oxygen-free environments such as deep tissues or the gastrointestinal tract.
C. Aerotolerant organism: Aerotolerant organisms do not require oxygen for growth but can survive in its presence. They rely on fermentation exclusively and are indifferent to oxygen, unlike obligate aerobes which must have it for survival.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
When a virus enters a host cell, it hijacks the host's cellular machinery to replicate itself. Viral genes direct the host cell to transcribe and translate viral proteins instead of its own normal proteins. This redirection alters the host’s metabolic and genetic activities, often shutting down regular cellular processes. The host cell becomes a “viral factory,” producing viral components that are then assembled into new virions. This process can damage or kill the host cell, depending on the type of virus and replication strategy, and is a defining characteristic of viral infections, distinguishing them from non-infectious intracellular activities.
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