Functions of the bacterial cell membrane include
transport of nutrients in and out of the cell.
replicating DNA.
synthesizing proteins.
secretion of cell metabolites into the extracellular environment.
helping the cell maintain its shape.
Correct Answer : A,D
A. transport of nutrients in and out of the cell: The bacterial cell membrane is a selectively permeable phospholipid bilayer that regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell. It contains transport proteins, channels, and carriers that facilitate passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport of nutrients such as glucose, amino acids, and ions.
B. replicating DNA: DNA replication occurs primarily in the nucleoid region of the bacterial cytoplasm where the bacterial chromosome is located. Enzymes such as DNA polymerase and helicase carry out replication within this region. The cell membrane does not directly participate in DNA replication.
C. synthesizing proteins: Protein synthesis in bacteria occurs on ribosomes, specifically the 70S ribosomes located in the cytoplasm. These ribosomes translate messenger RNA into polypeptide chains during the process of translation. The cell membrane does not perform protein synthesis, although some proteins may later become embedded in or associated with the membrane.
D. secretion of cell metabolites into the extracellular environment: The bacterial cell membrane plays a major role in secretion processes. Specialized membrane transport systems and secretion pathways move metabolic byproducts, enzymes, toxins, and signaling molecules from the cytoplasm to the extracellular environment. This is important for nutrient acquisition, communication with other cells, and interactions with host tissues.
E. helping the cell maintain its shape: Maintenance of bacterial cell shape is primarily the function of the cell wall, which is composed largely of peptidoglycan. The rigid cell wall protects the bacterium from osmotic pressure and gives the cell its characteristic morphology. The cell membrane is flexible and does not provide the structural rigidity necessary to maintain shape.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. endergonic: Endergonic reactions require an input of energy to proceed and result in products with higher free energy than the reactants. While some bond-breaking reactions may involve energy input, the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds is generally exergonic, releasing energy rather than consuming it.
B. metabolic: The term metabolic is broad and refers to all chemical reactions occurring in an organism, including both catabolic and anabolic processes. While glycosidic bond breakage is part of metabolism, this term does not specifically describe the type of reaction.
C. catabolic: Catabolic reactions involve the breakdown of larger, complex molecules into smaller, simpler ones, typically releasing energy that can be used by the cell. Breaking glycosidic bonds in polysaccharides like starch or glycogen releases monosaccharides and energy, classifying this process as catabolic.
D. anabolic: Anabolic reactions are constructive processes in which small molecules are joined to form larger, complex molecules, usually requiring an input of energy. Forming glycosidic bonds to synthesize polysaccharides would be anabolic, but breaking them is the opposite process.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Genitourinary system: The genitourinary system, including the kidneys, bladder, and reproductive organs, is not primarily affected by Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). This disease does not target urinary function or reproductive structures.
B. Digestive system: The digestive system, which includes organs such as the stomach, intestines, liver, and pancreas, is not the main site of pathology in CJD. Gastrointestinal symptoms are generally absent or secondary to systemic decline.
C. Circulatory system: The heart, blood vessels, and blood components are not directly impacted by CJD. Circulatory dysfunction is not a hallmark of the disease, though secondary effects like immobility could influence cardiovascular health.
D. Nervous system: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease primarily affects the central nervous system. It is caused by prions, misfolded proteins that induce neurodegeneration, leading to rapidly progressive dementia, motor dysfunction, and neurological decline. The brain tissue shows spongiform changes, making the nervous system the main system affected.
E. Respiratory system: The respiratory system is not the primary target of CJD. While respiratory complications may arise late in the disease due to immobility or aspiration, they are secondary consequences rather than a direct effect of the disease process.
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