A prokaryotic cell wall that is primarily composed of peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is
gram-negative.
archaea.
a spheroplast.
acid fast.
gram-positive.
The Correct Answer is E
A. gram-negative: Gram-negative bacteria possess a much thinner layer of peptidoglycan compared with gram-positive organisms and lack teichoic and lipoteichoic acids. Instead, their cell walls contain an outer membrane composed of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), phospholipids, and proteins. The description does not match the structure of gram-negative bacteria.
B. archaea: Archaea differ structurally from bacteria in their cell wall composition. Many archaeal cell walls lack peptidoglycan entirely and instead contain pseudopeptidoglycan, polysaccharides, glycoproteins, or protein layers known as S-layers. The presence of teichoic acids and a peptidoglycan-rich wall is not characteristic of archaeal cells.
C. a spheroplast: A spheroplast refers to a bacterial cell that has had most or part of its cell wall removed, often through exposure to antibiotics or enzymes such as lysozyme. Because the structural integrity of the peptidoglycan layer is partially lost, the cell becomes more spherical and fragile. This condition does not describe a normal bacterial cell wall composition.
D. acid fast: Acid-fast bacteria, such as species of Mycobacterium, have cell walls containing large amounts of mycolic acids, which are waxy lipids that make the cell wall highly resistant to staining and chemical damage. Their walls contain some peptidoglycan but are dominated by lipid-rich layers rather than teichoic acids, distinguishing them from gram-positive cell walls.
E. gram-positive: Gram-positive bacteria possess a thick, multilayered peptidoglycan cell wall that provides structural rigidity and protection. Embedded within this thick peptidoglycan matrix are teichoic acids and lipoteichoic acids, which contribute to cell wall stability, ion transport, and adherence. This structural composition is the defining feature that allows gram-positive bacteria to retain crystal violet stain during Gram staining.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
When a control agent targets metabolic processes, actively growing and metabolizing cells are more susceptible than older or dormant cells. Younger microbial cells have higher rates of enzyme activity, protein synthesis, and energy production, which are the pathways most affected by metabolic inhibitors. In contrast, older or stationary-phase cells have slowed metabolism and often possess stress adaptations that make them less vulnerable to these agents. Therefore, treatments that disrupt metabolism such as certain antibiotics or chemical disinfectants tend to kill actively dividing cells more rapidly, while non-dividing or metabolically inactive cells survive longer.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Both facilitated diffusion and active transport require carrier proteins to move substances across the plasma membrane, but the mechanisms differ. Facilitated diffusion uses carrier or channel proteins to transport molecules down their concentration gradient without energy expenditure. In contrast, active transport also uses carrier proteins but moves substances against their concentration gradient, requiring energy input, usually from ATP hydrolysis. These proteins provide specificity for particular molecules and enable transport that cannot occur through simple diffusion, ensuring that cells can regulate nutrient uptake, ion balance, and waste removal efficiently.
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