Heart sounds are loudest for S1 at the ______ and S2 at the _____.
Right side of the heart.
Center of the heart.
Apex of the heart.
Base of the heart.
Left side of the heart.
Correct Answer : C,D
Choice A rationale
The right side of the heart is not specifically associated with the loudest heart sounds for S1 or S213.
Choice B rationale
The center of the heart is not specifically associated with the loudest heart sounds for S1 or S213.
Choice C rationale
The apex of the heart is where S1 is loudest. S1 is caused by the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves and is best heard at the apex.
Choice D rationale
The base of the heart is where S2 is loudest. S2 is caused by the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves and is best heard at the base.
Choice E rationale
The left side of the heart is not specifically associated with the loudest heart sounds for S1 or S213.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
An audible thud without pain is a normal finding when percussing the costovertebral angle (CVA) in a healthy individual. This indicates that there is no inflammation or infection in the kidneys or surrounding tissues.
Choice B rationale
Sharp, severe pain upon percussion of the CVA is a classic sign of pyelonephritis. This pain is due to the inflammation and infection of the kidney, which causes tenderness in the area.
Choice C rationale
Rebound tenderness is typically associated with peritoneal irritation, such as in cases of appendicitis or peritonitis. It is not a common finding in pyelonephritis.
Choice D rationale
Rigidity and firmness are more indicative of muscle spasms or guarding, which can occur in conditions like peritonitis or severe abdominal pain, but not specifically in pyelonephritis.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Inspection of head and neck is observed in a straight alignment without lateral curves: A straight, well-aligned cervical spine is normal and does not indicate a need for further assessment of lifestyle habits.
B. Evaluation of cranial nerve XI (spinal accessory nerve) reveals flexion is maintained against full resistance:This indicates normal strength of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, meaning there is no concern related to lifestyle habits.
C. Palpation of the spinous processes and surrounding muscles are non-tender: The absence of tenderness suggests that there is no acute inflammation, injury, or muscle strain, making further lifestyle inquiries unnecessary.
D. Observation of cervical range of motion reveals flexion and extension is 25 degrees:Normal cervical flexion and extension range from 45 to 90 degrees. A limitation to only 25 degrees suggests restricted mobility, which could be due to poor posture, occupational strain, prolonged screen time, or underlying musculoskeletal conditions.
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