Human egg and sperm are similar in that
they are about the same size
they have the same number of chromosomes
about the same number of each is produced per month
they have the same degree of motility
The Correct Answer is B
A. they are about the same size: The human oocyte is one of the largest cells in the body, visible to the naked eye. In contrast, the spermatozoon is significantly smaller, consisting primarily of a nucleus and a flagellum. This vast difference in cytoplasmic volume reflects their differing roles in providing nutrients for the zygote.
B. they have the same number of chromosomes: Both human egg and sperm are haploid gametes resulting from the process of meiosis. They each contain 23 chromosomes, which is exactly half of the 46 chromosomes found in a diploid somatic cell. Upon fertilization, the fusion of these nuclei restores the diploid state of the zygote.
C. about the same number of each is produced per month: Males produce millions of sperm cells daily through continuous spermatogenesis. Females generally release only a single secondary oocyte during each monthly ovarian cycle. This discrepancy in production rates ensures that at least one sperm reaches the egg despite a hostile environment.
D. they have the same degree of motility: Spermatozoa are highly motile cells that use a flagellum to swim through the female reproductive tract toward the egg. The oocyte is non-motile and relies on the beating of cilia within the uterine tubes for transport. They possess entirely different structural adaptations for movement within the reproductive system.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Bowman's capsule and glomerulus: The renal corpuscle represents the initial blood-filtering component of the nephron. It consists of the glomerulus, a tuft of fenestrated capillaries, surrounded by a double-walled epithelial cup called the glomerular capsule. This structure facilitates the production of filtrate from the blood.
B. the renal pyramid: These cone-shaped tissues are located within the renal medulla and contain the straight segments of nephrons and collecting ducts. While they house parts of the renal system, they are macroscopic anatomical regions rather than the microscopic corpuscle. They do not participate in the initial filtration process.
C. the descending nephron loop: This portion of the renal tubule extends from the proximal convoluted tubule into the renal medulla. It is specialized for water reabsorption via osmosis and is not involved in the initial filtration of blood. The corpuscle always precedes the tubular segments in nephron anatomy.
D. the kidney cortex and medulla: These terms describe the primary internal layers of the kidney organ. The cortex contains the renal corpuscles and convoluted tubules, while the medulla contains the renal pyramids. These are broad anatomical zones rather than the specific components of a single renal corpuscle.
E. the renal papilla: The papilla is the apex of a renal pyramid that empties urine into the minor calyx. It consists of the distal ends of collecting ducts where final urine concentration occurs. It is located far downstream from the site of initial filtration in the corpuscle.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. seminal vesicles: These glands provide the majority of the fluid volume in semen, including fructose for energy. However, they do not house sperm for maturation or long-term storage. Sperm only mix with seminal vesicle secretions during the process of emission and ejaculation.
B. prostate gland: The prostate secretes an acidic, milky fluid that activates sperm and aids in liquefaction of the bolus. It is a secretory organ rather than a storage site for gametes. Sperm pass through the prostatic urethra but do not reside within the gland itself.
C. epididymis: This structure is specifically designed to store sperm for several weeks as they undergo functional maturation. During this time, sperm develop the ability to swim and eventually fertilize an oocyte. It provides the necessary chemical environment for these physiological changes to occur.
D. rete testis: This is a network of delicate canaliculi located in the mediastinum testis that collects sperm from the seminiferous tubules. It serves as a transit point rather than a site for maturation or storage. Fluid pressure moves the immobile sperm quickly through this area toward the epididymis.
E. seminiferous tubules: While these are the sites of sperm production (spermatogenesis), the sperm produced here are immature and non-motile. They are moved out of these tubules by fluid currents almost immediately after spermiation. They are not designed for the storage or maturation of the gametes.
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