_____ provides fetal nutrition and secretes hormones that regulate pregnancy and fetal development.
uterus
placenta
myometrium
blastocyte
endometrium
The Correct Answer is B
A. uterus: While the uterus houses the developing fetus, it is the organ within which the nutritive interface is formed. The uterine wall itself provides the environment, but it does not directly perform the complex metabolic exchange or hormone secretion attributed to the specialized fetal-maternal organ.
B. placenta: This temporary organ is responsible for the exchange of nutrients, gases, and wastes between the maternal and fetal blood. It also functions as an endocrine gland, secreting human chorionic gonadotropin, estrogens, and progesterone to maintain the pregnancy. It is the vital lifeline for fetal development.
C. myometrium: The muscular layer of the uterus serves primarily for the mechanical expulsion of the fetus at the end of gestation. It does not possess the transport mechanisms or secretory capacity required for fetal nutrition. Its role is structural and contractile rather than metabolic or endocrine.
D. blastocyte: This is an early developmental stage of the embryo consisting of an inner cell mass and a trophoblast. While the trophoblast eventually gives rise to the placenta, the blastocyte stage itself is too early to provide sustained nutrition. It represents the entity that is being nourished.
E. endometrium: The endometrium provides the initial site for attachment and secretes "uterine milk" for the very early embryo. However, once the placenta is established, the endometrium's role in direct nutrition is superseded by the placental circulatory interface. The placenta becomes the primary regulator of fetal growth.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. osmosis. Water moves passively across the renal tubular epithelium following osmotic gradients established by the active transport of solutes like sodium. This process, often referred to as obligatory water reabsorption in the proximal tubule, allows water to diffuse through aquaporins. It does not require direct ATP consumption for the water molecules themselves.
B. filtration. Filtration is the process that occurs exclusively in the renal corpuscle where blood is processed into filtrate. Once the fluid enters the renal tubules, the movement of substances back into the blood is classified as reabsorption. Filtration is driven by hydrostatic pressure, whereas tubular water movement is driven by osmotic concentration differences.
C. active transport. There are no known biological pumps that directly use ATP to move water molecules against a concentration gradient. Biological systems move water by actively transporting solutes and allowing water to follow passively. All water movement in the kidney is a response to osmotic or hydrostatic forces rather than direct active pumping.
D. cotransport with sodium ions. While many solutes like glucose and amino acids use secondary active transport (cotransport) with sodium, water moves through separate channel proteins called aquaporins. Sodium reabsorption creates the osmotic drive, but the water molecules do not bind to the carrier proteins alongside sodium. Water movement is the result of the sodium transport, not a shared transport mechanism.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. neutral: A pH of 7.0 would be insufficient to protect spermatozoa from the physiological stressors of the female reproductive tract. Semen requires a specific chemical buffer to maintain the viability and motility of the gametes. Neutral solutions lack the necessary buffering capacity to counteract external acidic environments effectively.
B. alkaline: Semen typically possesses a pH ranging from 7.2 to 8.0 due to the high volume of alkaline secretions from the seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands. This alkalinity is essential to neutralize the acidic environment of the male urethra and the female vagina. A basic environment is critical for optimizing sperm motility and survival.
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