Hypocalcemia stimulates
a decrease in aldosterone production
secretion of parathyroid hormone
secretion of renin
an increase in blood urea nitrogen
vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles
The Correct Answer is B
A. Decrease in aldosterone production: Aldosterone regulates sodium and potassium levels, not calcium homeostasis.
B. Secretion of parathyroid hormone: PTH is released in response to low calcium levels. It increases calcium reabsorption from bone, the kidneys, and enhances activation of vitamin D to increase calcium absorption in the intestines.
C. Secretion of renin: Renin responds to decreased renal perfusion pressure or sodium levels, not calcium levels.
D. An increase in blood urea nitrogen: This may indicate renal dysfunction or dehydration, but it's not directly related to calcium levels.
E. Vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles: Occurs in response to sympathetic stimulation or reduced perfusion, not hypocalcemia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Cervical canal: The cervical canal is the narrow passage through the cervix that connects the uterine cavity to the vagina.
B. Cervix of uterus: The cervix is the lower, narrow portion of the uterus that projects into the vagina. It includes the cervical canal and the surrounding tissue.
C. Vaginal orifice: The vaginal orifice is the external opening of the vagina to the outside body, located in the vulva. This is much more inferior and external than the structure being pointed to in the diagram.
D. Fornix: The fornix is the recess around the cervix inside the vagina, divided into anterior, posterior, and lateral parts. It surrounds the cervix but is not the cervix itself.
Correct Answer is E
Explanation
A. Fluid sequestration in the upper limbs: Not typically a physiological response to cold.
B. Hypotonic hydration: Occurs when too much water dilutes body fluids, usually from overhydration, not cold exposure.
C. Hypervolemia: This is fluid overload, unlikely in cold exposure without excess intake.
D. Increased sensible water loss: Sensible water loss refers to loss via urine or sweat—sweating is reduced in cold environments.
E. Increased respiratory water loss: Cold, dry air increases insensible water loss via respiration due to humidification of inspired air.
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