Identify each assessment finding that is an example of subjective data. Select all that apply.

A. Apply the sensor to the client's sternum: The sternum is not a reliable site for standard pulse oximetry because it lacks a strong pulsatile arterial signal. Reflectance sensors can be used on the chest in specific settings, but this is generally less accurate for routine oxygen saturation monitoring compared with peripheral sites with good perfusion.

B. Place the sensor on the client's right index finger: The right index finger is the typical site for pulse oximetry; however, in this client with peripheral vascular disease, slow capillary refill and a weak pulse indicate poor perfusion. Using this site could produce inaccurate readings, including falsely low SpO₂ values or signal loss, making it inappropriate in this situation.

C. Apply the sensor to the client's right great toe: The toe can sometimes be used if upper extremities are unavailable, but peripheral vascular disease may also compromise perfusion in the lower extremities, especially in the presence of arterial disease. This could also result in unreliable readings.

D. Place the sensor on the client's earlobe: The earlobe provides a site with more consistent perfusion that is less affected by peripheral vascular disease. It is suitable for pulse oximetry in patients with weak or compromised distal pulses, allowing accurate measurement of oxygen saturation while bypassing poorly perfused fingers or toes.

A. Client who urinates frequently due to diuretic therapy: Increased urination may lead to fluid loss and potential dehydration if not managed, which can affect skin turgor and perfusion. However, with adequate fluid replacement, this factor alone does not significantly impair the physiological processes required for wound healing.

B. Client with limited mobility recovering from knee surgery: Limited mobility can increase the risk of pressure injuries due to prolonged pressure over bony prominences and reduced circulation. While this may contribute to delayed healing if a wound develops, it does not inherently impair systemic healing processes as chronic metabolic and vascular conditions.

C. Client who is NPO one day before abdominal surgery: Short-term NPO status typically does not result in significant nutritional deficiency or impair wound healing. The body’s nutrient stores and perioperative management generally compensate for this brief period without oral intake, making it a minimal risk factor.

D. Client with diabetes, obesity and current cigarette smoker: Diabetes impairs wound healing through microvascular damage, reduced tissue perfusion, and impaired leukocyte function, increasing infection risk. Obesity decreases vascularity of adipose tissue and places mechanical stress on wounds, while smoking causes vasoconstriction and reduces oxygen delivery due to carbon monoxide exposure. These factors significantly disrupt all phases of wound healing.