If a patient is given 3 tablespoons of medication from a full 150 mL bottle, how many milliliters of medication remain in the bottle?

A. PCA device: A patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device uses programmed electronic controls to deliver medication, not gravity, to ensure precise dosing and timing.

B. infusion pump: An infusion pump actively controls and delivers fluids at a set rate using mechanical force, independent of gravity.

C. syringe pump: Syringe pumps use motorized pressure to deliver fluids in small volumes over time and do not depend on gravitational flow.

D. rate controller: A rate controller works with gravity by regulating the flow of IV fluid from the bag into the patient using a dial or clamp but does not apply mechanical force itself.

A. She did not perform all of the three medication checks: Safe medication administration requires performing three checks: when retrieving the medication, when preparing it, and immediately before administration. The technician only checked the medication once against the MAR, skipping two critical verification points.

B. She failed to verify the medication against the medication order: The MAR is a transcription of the medication order and is commonly used for verification. As long as the MAR is current and accurate, verifying against it satisfies the need to confirm the order.

C. She did not prepare the medication: Medications may be prepackaged by the pharmacy for specific patients. As long as the technician verifies the correct medication and dosage, she is not required to personally prepare it from raw stock.

D. She did not call the pharmacy to confirm the medication amount: There is no standard requirement to call the pharmacy unless there is a discrepancy or concern. If the medication is clearly labeled with the correct patient and dosage, further confirmation is unnecessary.