In which cultural tradition is reality stable because there are causes to diseases?

Choice A rationale

While nutrition is important for overall health, it is not the most critical factor for the success of a scheduled medication injection plan. The primary issue addressed is medication nonadherence, which is directly related to the client receiving the prescribed dose. Access to food, while a social determinant of health, does not directly impact the client's ability to get to the clinic for the specific purpose of receiving their injection on time.

Choice B rationale

A trusting relationship between the client and nurse is crucial for effective care and communication. However, for a long-acting injection administered every three weeks, the most immediate and practical barrier to success is not the interpersonal dynamic but the logistical challenge of physically getting to the clinic. Without reliable transportation, trust alone cannot ensure the client receives the medication as scheduled.

Choice C rationale

The attitudes of significant others can influence a client's motivation and support system, which can be beneficial for treatment adherence. However, the attitudes of others do not directly resolve the practical problem of attending a scheduled clinic appointment. Even with a supportive family, if the client cannot physically get to the clinic for their injection, the plan will ultimately fail due to the lack of a reliable means of transportation.

Choice D rationale

The availability of transportation is the most critical factor because the entire treatment plan hinges on the client's ability to consistently travel to the clinic every three weeks. Without reliable transportation, the client cannot receive the long-acting injection, which directly leads to medication nonadherence. This logistical barrier is a fundamental and practical requirement that must be met for the plan to be successful in addressing the client's history of nonadherence.

Choice A rationale

This response minimizes the client's experience by suggesting her observations are biased. Prolonged stress and negative emotions directly impact the immune system's function. The HPA axis and sympathetic nervous system are activated, leading to the release of cortisol and catecholamines. These hormones suppress the immune system, making the body more susceptible to infections like shingles and the flu. Suggesting it's just a matter of "noticing more" disregards this established physiological link.

Choice B rationale

This statement is scientifically inaccurate. The nervous system is a complex, integrated network. The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, part of the autonomic nervous system, directly influence physiological responses, including the immune system. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a key component of the neuroendocrine system, is a prime example of the interconnectedness of emotions, stress, and physical health, proving that these systems do not travel on separate tracts.

Choice C rationale

This rationale is not a correct reflection of current scientific knowledge. Extensive research in psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) has demonstrated a clear and well-documented connection between psychological stressors and physiological health outcomes. The field studies how the central nervous system, endocrine system, and immune system interact, showing that chronic stress leads to a compromised immune response, increasing susceptibility to illness. The link is not unclear.

Choice D rationale

Stressors, both psychological and physical, activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system. This activation leads to the release of hormones such as cortisol and epinephrine. Cortisol, in particular, is a potent immunosuppressant that, when chronically elevated, reduces the number and activity of white blood cells, such as lymphocytes and natural killer cells, thereby weakening the body's ability to mount an effective immune response against pathogens.