JA is a 39-year-old male who presents to an urgent care clinic with dizziness, palpitations, and sweating. His past medical history is significant for asthma and allergies. He states he is recovering from a sinus infection and took Sudafed earlier this morning. His vital signs will be taken in clinic. JA's heart rate is currently 135 bpm. Based on the measured heart rate, JA is experiencing which of the following?
Bradycardia
Orthopnea
Tachycardia
Normal heart rate
The Correct Answer is C
A. Bradycardia: Bradycardia refers to a heart rate less than 60 beats per minute in adults. JA’s heart rate of 135 bpm is well above this threshold, so bradycardia is not present.
B. Orthopnea: Orthopnea describes shortness of breath that occurs when lying flat, commonly associated with heart failure. It is a symptom, not a measure of heart rate, and is not indicated in this scenario.
C. Tachycardia: Tachycardia is defined as a heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute in adults. JA’s heart rate of 135 bpm indicates sinus tachycardia, which may be triggered by stimulants like Sudafed, infection, or sympathetic activation.
D. Normal heart rate: Normal adult heart rate ranges from 60–100 bpm at rest. JA’s rate exceeds this range, so it does not represent a normal heart rate.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Normalize fears: Acknowledging and validating adolescents’ concerns about medications, side effects, or procedures helps build trust and reduces anxiety. This approach encourages openness and promotes adherence.
B. Use age-appropriate language: Communicating in a manner that matches the adolescent’s cognitive and emotional development ensures understanding. Avoiding overly technical jargon or overly simplistic explanations improves engagement and retention of information.
C. Offer other forms of medications when possible: Providing alternatives such as liquids, chewables, or smaller doses can accommodate swallowing difficulties, taste preferences, or lifestyle considerations, enhancing adherence and comfort.
D. All of the above: Combining normalization of fears, age-appropriate language, and flexible medication options creates a comprehensive communication strategy. This approach strengthens rapport, encourages questions, and supports safe and effective medication use in adolescents.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. STEADI algorithm for fall risk screening: The STEADI initiative focuses on fall prevention through screening, assessment, and intervention strategies. While it addresses medication review as a fall risk factor, it does not specifically identify inappropriate or high-risk medication classes for older adults.
B. Fall risk assessment questionnaire: Fall risk questionnaires evaluate balance, mobility, and environmental risks. They are not designed to classify medications based on age-related safety or pharmacologic risk. Medication safety is only one small component of fall assessment.
C. Medication use in geriatric patient guideline 2017: No standardized or widely recognized guideline with this title exists from the American Geriatrics Society. AGS publishes specific, evidence-based tools rather than broadly named medication guidelines.
D. Beers Criteria: The AGS Beers Criteria identifies potentially inappropriate medications for adults aged 65 and older. It highlights drug classes associated with increased risk of adverse effects due to altered pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in aging. This tool is widely used to improve medication safety in geriatric care.
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