Membrane attack complex (MAC) kills by
allowing the organelles to spill free from the bacteria
disrupting the selectively permeability of a bacteria's plasma membrane
penetrating the capsule of the bacteria giving antibiotic drugs access to bacterial cells
providing a passage for antibodies to enter into the bacterial cytosol
The Correct Answer is B
A. Allowing the organelles to spill free from the bacteria: Bacteria do not have membrane-bound organelles, so this mechanism is not applicable. The membrane attack complex does not function by releasing organelles but targets the plasma membrane itself.
B. Disrupting the selective permeability of a bacteria's plasma membrane: The MAC forms pores in the bacterial plasma membrane, disrupting its integrity and allowing ions and water to flow uncontrollably. This loss of membrane selectivity leads to cell lysis and death, effectively killing the bacteria.
C. Penetrating the capsule of the bacteria giving antibiotic drugs access to bacterial cells: The MAC does not facilitate antibiotic entry. Its function is independent of drug therapy and directly lyses bacterial cells by forming transmembrane channels.
D. Providing a passage for antibodies to enter into the bacterial cytosol: Antibodies cannot enter bacterial cytosol via MAC. The MAC kills bacteria through pore formation that disrupts osmotic balance, not by transporting antibodies into the cell.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Both B and E:Chemoreceptors monitor chemical changes in the blood, such as CO₂ levels and pH (H⁺ concentration), and baroreceptors monitor blood pressure changes. Some chemoreceptors work alongside baroreceptors to regulate respiration and cardiovascular function, making both B and E correct in the context of chemical detection.
B. The amount of CO₂ and H⁺ in the blood:Chemoreceptors detect changes in CO₂ and hydrogen ion concentration, which reflect the blood’s acidity. These receptors help adjust respiration rate to maintain homeostasis of blood pH and gas levels.
C. Heart rate:Heart rate is regulated primarily by the autonomic nervous system via the sinoatrial node and baroreceptor reflexes, not directly by chemoreceptors.
D. The blood pressure change:Blood pressure changes are detected by baroreceptors, not chemoreceptors. Chemoreceptors respond mainly to chemical composition rather than mechanical pressure.
E. A pH change:Chemoreceptors are sensitive to pH changes in the blood, which are influenced by CO₂ and H⁺ levels. This detection triggers adjustments in ventilation to maintain acid-base balance.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Inflammation increases capillary permeability:During inflammation, capillaries become more permeable to allow plasma proteins, leukocytes, and nutrients to enter the tissue. This is a key process that facilitates the immune response and tissue repair.
B. Release of prostaglandins results in pain:Prostaglandins are chemical mediators released during inflammation that sensitize nerve endings, causing pain. This serves as a warning signal and helps protect the injured area.
C. Chemotaxis draws leukocytes to the site of injury:Chemotaxis involves the directed migration of leukocytes toward the site of infection or injury. This ensures that immune cells reach affected tissues to fight pathogens and clear debris.
D. Vasoconstriction prevents excessive blood loss due to injury:Inflammation is characterized by vasodilation, not vasoconstriction. Vasodilation increases blood flow to the injured area, bringing immune cells and nutrients to support the healing process. Vasoconstriction is not part of the inflammatory response.
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