Muscle can transform ______ into mechanical energy.
ATP
Kinetic energy
Potential energy
DNA
Myoglobin
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy currency of the cell. Muscle cells use ATP to power the contraction process, converting chemical energy into mechanical energy through the interaction of actin and myosin filaments.
Choice B reason: Kinetic energy is the result of movement, not the source of energy for muscle contraction. Muscles generate kinetic energy, but they do not transform it into mechanical energy.
Choice C reason: Potential energy refers to stored energy, such as in a stretched elastic band. While muscles can store potential energy in elastic components, the transformation into mechanical energy is driven by ATP.
Choice D reason: DNA carries genetic information and plays no direct role in energy transformation during muscle contraction.
Choice E reason: Myoglobin stores oxygen in muscle cells but does not provide energy. It supports aerobic metabolism, which ultimately produces ATP, the actual energy source.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Epiphysis and diaphysis refer to regions of a long bone—the ends and shaft respectively—not to the coverings of bone surfaces.
Choice B reason: This reverses the anatomical regions but still does not address the coverings of bone surfaces.
Choice C reason: Compact bone and spongy bone are types of bone tissue, not the membranes that line or cover bone surfaces.
Choice D reason: The periosteum is a dense fibrous membrane that covers the external surface of bones, providing attachment points for tendons and ligaments and housing blood vessels and nerves. The endosteum lines the internal surfaces, including the medullary cavity, and plays a role in bone growth and remodeling.
Choice E reason: This reverses the correct anatomical relationship. The endosteum lines the internal surface, not the external.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: The medullary cavity is found in the diaphysis of long bones and contains bone marrow. It is not a feature of spongy bone.
Choice B reason: Lamellar bone refers to mature bone with organized collagen fibers. While spongy bone can be lamellar, this does not define its structural organization.
Choice C reason: Osteons, or Haversian systems, are cylindrical structures found in compact bone, not spongy bone.
Choice D reason: Trabeculae are the defining structural units of spongy bone. They are lattice-like networks of bone tissue that provide strength while minimizing weight and house bone marrow between their spaces.
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