Which structures most directly allow the provision of nutrients and removal of wastes from osteocytes in compact bone?
Perforating canals
Lamellae
Central canals
Canaliculi
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Perforating canals (also known as Volkmann's canals) connect the central canals of different osteons and allow blood vessels and nerves to travel across bone. While they contribute to nutrient transport, they do not directly facilitate exchange between osteocytes.
Choice B reason: Lamellae are concentric rings of bone matrix within osteons. They provide structural support but do not directly mediate nutrient or waste exchange between osteocytes.
Choice C reason: Central canals (Haversian canals) contain blood vessels and nerves and run longitudinally through osteons. They help deliver nutrients to the bone but do not directly connect individual osteocytes.
Choice D reason: Canaliculi are microscopic channels that connect osteocytes within lacunae to each other and to the central canal. These channels allow for the direct exchange of nutrients and waste products between osteocytes, making them the most direct structure for this function.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted by the parathyroid glands in response to low blood calcium levels. It stimulates osteoclast activity, leading to bone resorption and the release of calcium into the bloodstream. PTH also enhances calcium reabsorption in the kidneys and activates vitamin D to increase intestinal calcium absorption.
Choice B reason: Thyroxine, produced by the thyroid gland, primarily regulates metabolism. While it influences bone growth and development indirectly, it does not directly stimulate osteoclast activity or calcium release.
Choice C reason: Osteocalcin is a non-collagenous protein secreted by osteoblasts and is involved in bone mineralization and calcium ion homeostasis. However, it does not stimulate osteoclast activity or increase blood calcium levels.
Choice D reason: Calcitonin is secreted by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland in response to high blood calcium levels. It inhibits osteoclast activity, thereby reducing bone resorption and lowering blood calcium levels. It acts in opposition to PTH.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: "Osseosus" is not a recognized scientific law or principle. It appears to be a misspelling or fictional term.
Choice B reason: Dalton's Law pertains to the behavior of gases, specifically the partial pressures in a mixture. It has no relevance to bone remodeling.
Choice C reason: "Calcine's" is not a known law or principle in physiology or anatomy. It may be a misrepresentation or confusion with calcitonin, a hormone involved in calcium regulation.
Choice D reason: This is correct. Wolff's Law states that bone grows and remodels in response to the mechanical stresses placed upon it. This principle explains how bones adapt to increased load or disuse by altering their density and structure.
Choice E reason: Boyle's Law relates to the pressure and volume of gases in a closed system. It is unrelated to bone physiology.
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