A nurse is calculating a client's expected date of birth using Nägele's rule. The client tells the nurse that her last menstrual cycle started on November 27th. Which of the following dates is the client's expected date of birth?

The correct answer is B. Massage the client's back.

A. Turning the client onto her left side may be a comfort measure, but it is not specifically associated with the gate control theory of pain. It may help improve blood flow and relieve pressure but does not directly engage the gate control mechanism.

B. Massage the client's back is consistent with the gate control theory of pain.

According to the gate control theory, non-painful input (such as massage) can close the "gate" to painful input, reducing the perception of pain. Massage stimulates large-diameter nerve fibers, which can inhibit the transmission of painful signals.

C. Encouraging the client to rest between contractions is a general comfort measure but is not directly related to the gate control theory of pain.

D. Administering prescribed analgesic medication is a pharmacological approach to pain management and is not specifically associated with the gate control theory. Medications can act on pain receptors but do not engage the gate control mechanism.

Choice A Reason:

Applying sacral counterpressure is appropriate. In the right occiput posterior position, the fetal head is positioned towards the mother's back, leading to increased pressure on the sacral are

A. Applying sacral counterpressure can help alleviate back pain during contractions.

Choice B Reason:

Performing transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is inappropriate. While TENS can be used for pain relief in labor, applying sacral counterpressure is a more specific intervention for back pain related to fetal positioning.

Choice C Reason:

Initiating slow-paced breathing is inappropriate. While slow-paced breathing is a coping mechanism during contractions, it may not specifically address the back pain associated with the fetus in the right occiput posterior position.

Choice D Reason:

Assisting with biofeedback is inappropriate. Biofeedback is not a standard intervention for managing back pain during labor, especially in the context of fetal positioning. Sacral counterpressure is a more direct approach for this situation.