Drugs with a
The Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"A","dropdown-group-2":"B"}
Narrow therapeutic index: Drugs with a narrow therapeutic index have a small range between therapeutic and toxic doses. Small variations in dose or blood levels can result in subtherapeutic effects or toxicity, requiring careful monitoring of serum drug levels, kidney and liver function, and patient response.
• Risk for toxicity: Because the margin between effective and harmful doses is small, clients taking drugs with a narrow therapeutic index are at higher risk for adverse effects and toxicity. Close monitoring helps detect early signs of toxicity and prevents serious complications.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. "Take this medication every 24 hours.": U-300 insulin glargine is a long-acting basal insulin designed to provide steady insulin coverage over 24 hours. Administering it once daily maintains consistent blood glucose control and reduces the risk of hypoglycemia associated with peaks from shorter-acting insulins.
B. "Take this medication every 12 hours.": Administering U-300 insulin glargine every 12 hours is unnecessary and could lead to insulin stacking and hypoglycemia, as its pharmacokinetics are designed for once-daily dosing with a relatively flat action profile.
C. "Take this medication every 4 hours.": Frequent administration at 4-hour intervals is inappropriate for long-acting insulin. Doing so would significantly increase the risk of severe hypoglycemia due to overlapping insulin effects.
D. "Take this medication every 8 hours.": Dosing every 8 hours does not align with the pharmacokinetic profile of U-300 insulin glargine. More frequent dosing could cause cumulative insulin effects, increasing hypoglycemia risk without additional glycemic benefit.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Decreased gastric pH: A lower gastric pH primarily affects drug absorption by altering solubility and ionization of medications in the stomach. It does not directly influence the distribution phase of pharmacokinetics, which relates to how the drug moves throughout body compartments.
B. Decreased levels of microsomal enzymes: Reduced hepatic microsomal enzyme activity affects drug metabolism, particularly phase I reactions, but does not directly impact distribution. Metabolic changes alter the duration and intensity of drug effects rather than how the drug is distributed in the body.
C. Fewer intact nephrons: A decline in functional nephrons primarily affects drug excretion. Impaired renal elimination can lead to drug accumulation, but distribution is determined by tissue compartments, protein binding, and body water/fat content.
D. Decrease percentage of total body water: Aging decreases total body water, which affects the volume of distribution for hydrophilic drugs. Lower water content leads to higher plasma concentrations of water-soluble drugs, increasing the risk of toxicity and altering therapeutic effects in older adults.
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