The nurse is caring for a group of clients. Which client has the greatest risk for decreased drug metabolism?
A client with a low serum albumin
A client diagnosed with renal failure
A client with slowed gastric emptying
A client with cirrhosis of the liver
The Correct Answer is D
A. A client with a low serum albumin: Low albumin levels affect protein binding of highly protein-bound drugs, increasing the free drug concentration and potential toxicity. While this influences drug distribution and effects, it does not directly impair hepatic metabolism.
B. A client diagnosed with renal failure: Renal failure primarily affects drug excretion rather than metabolism. Drugs cleared by the kidneys may accumulate, but hepatic metabolism may remain largely intact unless concomitant liver disease is present.
C. A client with slowed gastric emptying: Slowed gastric emptying affects the rate and sometimes the extent of drug absorption. While this can delay onset of action, it does not significantly alter hepatic metabolism of the medication.
D. A client with cirrhosis of the liver: Cirrhosis significantly impairs hepatic function, reducing the liver’s ability to metabolize drugs through phase I and phase II reactions. This increases drug half-life, risk of accumulation, and potential toxicity, making these clients the highest risk for decreased drug metabolism.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"A","dropdown-group-2":"B"}
Explanation
- Hepatotoxicity: Acetaminophen overdose or chronic high-dose use can lead to liver injury and potentially acute liver failure. Hepatotoxicity is a major concern, particularly in clients with preexisting liver disease or chronic alcohol use.
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome: Although rare, acetaminophen can trigger severe skin reactions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis. These life-threatening reactions require immediate discontinuation of the drug and medical intervention.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Colchicine: Colchicine is an anti-inflammatory medication primarily used to treat gout and familial Mediterranean fever. It is not an opioid and does not act on opioid receptors to produce analgesia or sedation.
B. Ibuprofen: Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that reduces pain, fever, and inflammation by inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzymes. It does not bind to opioid receptors and is not classified as an opioid.
C. Fentanyl: Fentanyl is a potent synthetic opioid that binds to mu-opioid receptors in the central nervous system, producing analgesia, sedation, and euphoria. It is commonly used for severe pain management and as an adjunct in anesthesia.
D. Acetylsalicylic Acid: Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) is an NSAID with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antiplatelet properties. It is not an opioid and does not produce the central nervous system effects characteristic of opioids.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.