Organisms have been discovered that were trapped in amber for thousands of years, but were able to grow when placed on nutrient media. This is explained by
the organisms formed endospores.
amber is a great source of nutrients.
the organisms were prions.
some organisms have a generation time that lasts thousands of years.
The Correct Answer is A
A. The organisms formed endospores: Some bacteria can form endospores, which are highly resistant structures that allow survival in extreme conditions for long periods. This explains how they remained dormant in amber yet grew once favorable conditions were restored.
B. Amber is a great source of nutrients: Amber is fossilized tree resin and does not contain nutrients sufficient to sustain microbial life. It primarily serves as a protective medium, not a nutritional one.
C. The organisms were prions: Prions are infectious proteins that do not have the cellular machinery to grow on nutrient media. They cannot be revived in the same way bacteria can.
D. Some organisms have a generation time that lasts thousands of years: Generation times vary among species but never extend to thousands of years. Instead, organisms survive long periods through dormancy mechanisms like endospore formation.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Staphylococcus: Staphylococcus species are Gram-positive cocci that possess thick peptidoglycan cell walls, giving them rigidity and shape. They do not naturally lack a cell wall.
B. Bacillus: Bacillus species are Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria with strong cell walls. They are also capable of forming endospores but are not wall-deficient.
C. Mycoplasma: Mycoplasma species naturally lack a cell wall, relying on sterols in their cell membrane for structural support. This absence makes them pleomorphic and resistant to antibiotics like penicillin that target cell wall synthesis.
D. Clostridium: Clostridium species are Gram-positive rods with thick cell walls and the ability to produce endospores. They do not naturally exist without a cell wall.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. the nucleic acid of a viral pathogen: Viral nucleic acid is a component of a virus, but by itself it does not constitute a virion. A complete virion must include both nucleic acid and a protective protein coat.
B. a mature infectious particle of protein and nucleic acid: A virion is the fully assembled, extracellular, and infectious form of a virus. It consists of viral nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) encased in a protein capsid, and in some cases, an envelope derived from the host cell.
C. a population of infectious particles: This describes multiple virions, but the term virion specifically refers to a single, complete viral particle.
D. the protein portion of a viral particle: The protein portion alone is called the capsid, not a virion. The capsid is necessary for protection and attachment but does not represent the full infectious particle.
E. the nucleic acid of a viral pathogen inside a host cell: Once inside the host cell, the virus exists as genetic material engaging in replication, but this is not considered a virion since it is no longer in its extracellular, infectious state.
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