Parents of a preschooler with cerebral palsy ask the nurse what the surgeon plans to implant in their child's body to control spasticity.
What is the nurse's answer.
Botulinum toxin.
Central venous catheter.
Baclofen pump.
Vagal nerve stimulator.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
Botulinum toxin, commonly known as Botox, is a neurotoxin that is typically injected directly into specific spastic muscles to temporarily block the release of acetylcholine, thereby reducing muscle overactivity and spasticity. It is not an implanted device but an injection, and its effects are localized and temporary.
Choice B rationale
A central venous catheter (CVC) is a line placed into a large vein, typically used for administering medications, fluids, or nutrition, or for drawing blood, especially for long-term or irritating infusions. It has no role in the direct management or control of spasticity associated with cerebral palsy.
Choice C rationale
A baclofen pump is a surgically implanted device that delivers the antispasmodic medication baclofen directly into the intrathecal space surrounding the spinal cord. This localized delivery provides superior spasticity control with lower doses and fewer systemic side effects compared to oral baclofen, and it is a common treatment for severe spasticity.
Choice D rationale
A vagal nerve stimulator (VNS) is an implanted device used primarily as an adjunctive therapy to control partial-onset seizures or treat certain forms of depression. It works by sending electrical impulses to the brain via the vagus nerve in the neck. It is not indicated for the management of spasticity in cerebral palsy.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Preterm newborns actually have a relatively larger body surface area compared to their body weight than full-term infants. This increased surface-to-mass ratio is a significant factor contributing to their rapid and excessive heat loss because a greater proportion of the heat-producing tissue is exposed to the environment, making it harder to maintain a stable core temperature.
Choice B rationale
The primary mechanism for nonshivering thermogenesis in newborns involves the metabolism of brown adipose tissue (brown fat). While a preterm newborn may have some brown fat, the amount is significantly less developed and less accumulated compared to a term infant, which, coupled with poor muscle tone, severely reduces their capacity to generate and maintain sufficient heat.
Choice C rationale
Preterm newborns are highly susceptible to cold stress because their central nervous system temperature control mechanisms are immature and inefficient. They lack the necessary muscle tone for flexion, have minimal subcutaneous fat for insulation, possess a thin skin barrier, and have inadequate brown fat reserves, all of which contribute to an inability to maintain a neutral thermal environment without external support.
Choice D rationale
Heat loss via evaporation occurs when moisture on the skin (like amniotic fluid, or from insensible water loss) converts to vapor. While the thin skin of a preterm newborn does lead to increased insensible water loss, the primary reason for placing them in an incubator is to counteract the combined effects of reduced heat production and increased heat loss via convection, radiation, and conduction, not merely to dry sweat. —.
Correct Answer is ["4200"]
Explanation
Step 1 is: 70 units/kg × 60 kg.
Step 2 is: 4200 units. The final calculated answer is 4200 units.
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