Patient Data
Based on the laboratory data, the client has
The Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"B","dropdown-group-2":"B"}
Option 1-prediabetes
Option 2- impaired glucose tolerance
Rationale
Prediabetes is a condition characterized by higher than normal blood sugar levels, but not high enough to be classified as type 2 diabetes. It's considered a warning sign that indicates an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke if left unmanaged.
Prediabetes is diagnosed if FPG levels are between 100-125 mg/dL, OGTT levels are between 140-199 mg/dL, or HbA1c levels are between 5.7-6.4%.
It occurs due to impaired glucose tolerance in insulin resistance. In individuals with insulin resistance, cells, particularly muscle, liver, and fat cells, become less sensitive to insulin's actions. As a result, glucose uptake by cells is impaired, leading to higher blood sugar levels. Hypoglycemia refers to a condition characterized by abnormally low blood sugar levels, typically below 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). It occurs when there is an imbalance between the amount of glucose in the bloodstream and the body's requirements for energy.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy. It is characterized by high blood sugar levels that occur for the first time during pregnancy and typically resolves after childbirth.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
C. The client's symptoms of weakness and palpitations are suggestive of hypoglycemia, a common complication in individuals with diabetes, particularly those on glucose-lowering medications such as insulin or sulfonylureas. Excessive perspiration, also known as diaphoresis, is a classic symptom of hypoglycemia and indicates the body's response to low blood sugar levels.
A. Cold extremities can be a sign of poor peripheral circulation, which may occur in individuals with diabetes, particularly in advanced stages or in the presence of peripheral vascular disease. However, it is not as specific to the acute episode of hypoglycemia
B. Myalgia (muscle pain) in the wrists and hands is not a typical symptom of hypoglycemia.
D. Dark yellow urine may indicate dehydration, which can occur in individuals with poorly controlled diabetes or during episodes of hyperglycemia. While dehydration is a concern in diabetes management, it is not directly related to the acute episode of hypoglycemia.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
B. Lactulose works by acidifying the colonic contents, which promotes the conversion of ammonia (NH3) to ammonium (NH4+). Ammonium is less readily absorbed from the colon into the bloodstream, reducing systemic ammonia levels. This action helps alleviate the neurotoxic effects of ammonia on the brain, thereby improving neurological symptoms associated with hepatic encephalopathy.
A. Lactulose is required in clients with hepatic encephalopathy to excrete ammonia lowering its levels in blood. Holding the lactulose dose is inappropriate as the client’s ammonia levels are still high
C. Rehydrating the clients to replace lost fluids in the loose stools is important but does not address
the client’s elevated ammonia levels which may be exacerbating the client’s encephalopathy.
D. Reporting the number of diarrhea stools to the healthcare provider is important for ongoing assessment and management of the client's condition. However, it does not address the clients high ammonia levels.
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