Patient data
The nurse completes documentation on the client who is 10 hours post initial digitalization dose and furosemide dose.
Click to highlight the findings that indicate the client is progressing as expected.
Nurses Notes
1700
The client is post digitalization and furosemide. Client is being held by his parent. Infant can feed on demand. Lungs are clear to auscultation, and no accessory muscle use is noted. Shows no signs of cyanosis. Is feeding for 15 minutes every three hours using a 28 cal/oz (28 cal/30 mL) formula. His urine is clear, and the specific gravity is low. The client continues to have a loud holosystolic murmur noted. Pulses are 1+ through all extremities. Parents are at the bedside and are verbalizing their understanding of current care needs.
Lungs are clear to auscultation, and no accessory muscle use is noted.
Shows no signs of cyanosis.
Is feeding for 15 minutes every three hours using a 28 cal/oz (28 cal/30 mL) formula.
His urine is clear, and the specific gravity is low.
The client continues to have a loud holosystolic murmur noted.
Pulses are 1+ through all extremities.
The Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]
Rationale for correct answers:
- Lungs are clear to auscultation, and no accessory muscle use is noted: This is a primary indicator that the furosemide has successfully reduced pulmonary edema. At 0900, the infant had coarse breath sounds and tachypnea; clear lungs and easy breathing show the heart is no longer "failing" to pump fluid away from the lungs.
- Shows no signs of cyanosis: The resolution of the "mild cyanosis" noted at admission indicates that gas exchange has improved and the infant’s oxygen demand is being met.
- Is feeding for 15 minutes every three hours using a 28 cal/oz (28 cal/30 mL) formula: For an infant with VSD, feeding is "work." Being able to finish a feeding in 15 minutes without diaphoresis or fatigue (unlike the "refusal to eat" at 0900) proves improved cardiac reserve. The high-calorie formula helps address the "failure to thrive" by providing more energy in smaller volumes.
- His urine is clear, and the specific gravity is low: This indicates that the kidneys are being well-perfused (adequate cardiac output) and that the diuretic (furosemide) is effectively promoting the excretion of dilute urine to resolve fluid volume excess.
Rationale for incorrect choices:
- The client continues to have a loud holosystolic murmur noted: This is an expected but unchanging finding. The murmur is caused by the physical hole in the heart (VSD). Medications do not fix the structural defect, so the murmur will persist until the VSD is surgically closed or closes on its own.
- Pulses are 1+ through all extremities: This is actually a suboptimal finding. Pulses should ideally be 2+. 1+ pulses may indicate that cardiac output is still slightly low or that the infant is still recovering from the acute phase of heart failure.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["60"]
Explanation
Step 1: Identify codeine concentration
12 mg per 5 mL
Step 2: Use the formula
Codeine per dose = (Dose volume ÷ 5 mL) × 12 mg
Step 3: Insert values
= (25 ÷ 5) × 12
Step 4: Calculate
= 5 × 12
= 60 mg
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Giving the spouse a straw to help the client drink is premature and potentially dangerous. After a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), clients with facial paralysis and hemiplegia are at high risk for dysphagia, and the use of a straw could increase the likelihood of aspiration. Aspiration can lead to serious complications such as pneumonia or airway obstruction, so it is unsafe to provide fluids in this manner without first assessing swallowing ability.
B. Obtaining thickening powder before offering fluids may be necessary later if the client is cleared for oral intake, but this step does not address the immediate concern. The client may not yet be safe to take any fluids by mouth. Administering thickened liquids without a swallowing assessment could still result in choking or aspiration if the client cannot coordinate swallowing effectively.
C. Asking the spouse to stop and assessing the client’s swallowing reflex is the correct and priority action. The nurse must ensure the client can safely swallow before allowing any oral intake. Swallowing assessment includes evaluating the gag reflex, observing for coughing, drooling, or difficulty managing saliva, and determining the client’s ability to handle liquids safely. This step protects the client from aspiration, which is a common and potentially life-threatening complication following a CVA. Once the assessment is completed, the nurse can determine whether safe feeding strategies, such as thickened liquids or modified feeding techniques, are appropriate.
D. Assisting the spouse to give small sips of water without assessing swallowing is unsafe. Although the intention is to support hydration, providing fluids to a client with potential dysphagia can result in choking, aspiration, and subsequent respiratory complications. Safety must take precedence over immediate hydration in this scenario.
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