Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial
cell walls.
cell membranes.
capsules.
slime layers.
inclusions.
The Correct Answer is A
A. Cell walls: Peptidoglycan is the main structural component of bacterial cell walls, providing rigidity and shape while protecting against osmotic pressure. It is especially thick in Gram-positive bacteria and thinner in Gram-negative ones.
B. Cell membranes: The bacterial cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with proteins for transport and signaling, but it does not contain peptidoglycan.
C. Capsules: Capsules are made of polysaccharides or polypeptides that help bacteria evade the immune system, but they lack peptidoglycan.
D. Slime layers: Slime layers, like capsules, consist of polysaccharides and serve mainly for adhesion and protection, not structural rigidity from peptidoglycan.
E. Inclusions: Inclusions are storage sites for nutrients such as glycogen, sulfur, or polyphosphate, and they do not involve peptidoglycan in their structure.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Mitochondria: Prokaryotic cells do not contain mitochondria. Instead, they generate energy through processes that occur across the plasma membrane. They are found exclusively in eukaryotic cells and are absent in prokaryotes.
B. Lysosomes: Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles found only in eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotes lack these structures and instead rely on enzymes within the cytoplasm for breakdown processes.
C. Ribosomes: Ribosomes are present in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, serving as the site of protein synthesis. In prokaryotes, they are smaller (70S type) but functionally equivalent to those in eukaryotes.
D. All of the above: This is incorrect because prokaryotes do not contain mitochondria or lysosomes.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Biosafety Level 1: This is for non-pathogenic organisms that pose minimal risk, so it is not suitable for highly fatal microbes.
B. Biosafety Level 2: This level is for moderate-risk organisms that may cause disease but have available treatments or preventive measures, which does not apply to untreatable fatal microbes.
C. Biosafety Level 3: This is for serious pathogens that can cause potentially lethal disease but for which treatments or vaccines may exist. It is not the highest level of containment.
D. Biosafety Level 4: BSL-4 is required for handling the most dangerous pathogens, including those with no available treatment or vaccines, such as Ebola and Marburg viruses.
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