Pertaining to digestion, all of the following are true, except:
Motility is under the control of the sympathetic nervous system.
Motility is movement of the GI tract.
Peristalsis pushes food particles through the GI tract.
Digestion is the process of breaking food into nutrients.
The Correct Answer is A
A. Motility is under the control of the sympathetic nervous system: Sympathetic innervation primarily inhibits gastrointestinal motility and induces sphincter contraction. Parasympathetic fibers from the vagus nerve and sacral plexus are the primary stimulators of motor activity. The sympathetic system acts as a functional brake.
B. Motility is movement of the GI tract: This term encompasses the various mechanical actions of the smooth muscle layers, including peristalsis and segmentation. These movements are essential for mixing and propelling luminal contents. It is a fundamental physiological process.
C. Peristalsis pushes food particles through the GI tract: Peristalsis involves a wave of proximal contraction followed by distal relaxation of the circular and longitudinal muscles. This coordinated sequence ensures the unidirectional, anterograde movement of the bolus. It is the primary propulsive motor pattern.
D. Digestion is the process of breaking food into nutrients: Digestion includes both mechanical reduction of food size and chemical hydrolysis of macromolecules into monomers. These processes occur along the entire length of the alimentary canal. It prepares molecules for epithelial absorption.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Lymphatic vessels:These vessels primarily transport chylomicrons and large lipid-soluble molecules from the intestinal mucosa. While some signaling molecules may enter lymph, enteroendocrine hormones are not specifically targeted here. They utilize the vascular route for systemic distribution.
B. Bloodstream:Hormones eventually reach the systemic circulation to exert their physiological effects on distant target organs. However, the immediate site of secretion from the basal membrane of the cell is not the vessel lumen. The bloodstream is the secondary destination.
C. Interstitial fluid:Enteroendocrine cells are basal secretors that release regulatory peptides into the surrounding extracellular space. From this fluid, the hormones diffuse into local fenestrated capillaries to enter the circulation. This is the primary site of hormonal release.
D. Gastric pits:These are invaginations of the gastric mucosa where exocrine cells, such as parietal and chief cells, discharge their secretions. Enteroendocrine cells do not secrete into the lumen. Their products are released basally to act as hormones.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
False:Fungiform papillae are concentrated at the tip and lateral margins of the tongue, not the posterior. They contain only a small fraction of total gustatory receptors. The vallate papillae at the posterior contain the majority of taste buds.
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