Physician order says ”Infuse Regular Insulin at 4 units/hr". You’re supplied with an IV bag of the prescribed medication that reads" 100 units per 100 mE’. How many hours will it take for this IV bag to infuse?

8 hours

10 hours 15 minutes

25 hours

29 hours

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Intravenous insulin therapy requires precise calculation to maintain glycemic control and prevent complications like hypoglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis. Regular insulin is the only type used for IV infusion due to its predictable pharmacokinetics. Calculating the infusion duration is essential for pharmacy coordination and ensuring continuous delivery of this high-alert medication to the patient through an infusion pump.

Rationale:

A. 8 hours is an incorrect calculation based on the provided dosage and volume. If the bag lasted only 8 hours at 4 units per hour, the total units delivered would be only 32 units. This does not account for the 100 units contained in the supplied 100 mL IV bag, leading to a significant error in estimating the duration of the medication supply.

B. 10 hours 15 minutes is mathematically incorrect for this scenario. This figure does not correspond to any standard calculation using the 100 unit/100 mL concentration provided in the order. Accurate medication timing is vital for nursing staff to ensure that a new bag is ready before the current one is depleted, preventing interruptions in insulin delivery.

C. 25 hours is the correct duration for the infusion. Calculation: Step 1: Determine the concentration of the bag, which is 100 units / 100 mL = 1 unit per mL. Step 2: Determine the hourly volume to be infused: 4 units per hour / 1 unit per mL = 4 mL per hour. Step 3: Calculate the total time: 100 mL total volume / 4 mL per hour = 25 hours.

D. 29 hours is an incorrect result and does not reflect the units-to-volume ratio provided in the order. Inaccurately calculating the infusion time can lead to poor planning in the clinical setting. The simple 1:1 ratio of units to milliliters in this specific IV bag clearly indicates that at 4 units per hour, the 100 mL bag will last exactly 25 hours.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Chronic gastritisinvolves prolonged inflammation of the gastric mucosa, which can lead to atrophy and intestinal metaplasia. Management focuses on eliminating mucosal irritantsthat compromise the protective bicarbonate-mucus barrier. Substances like ethanol and nicotine stimulate acid secretion and reduce mucosal blood flow, directly interfering with the stomach's ability to heal and increasing the risk of ulceration and malignancy.

Rationale:

A.While some forms of chronic gastritis (Type A) lead to pernicious anemia requiring vitamin B12 shots, this is a treatment for a specific complication, not a preventative measure for gastritis symptoms themselves. The goal of discharge teaching for general gastritis is to prevent the recurrence of inflammation and irritation, rather than managing long-term vitamin deficiencies.

B.Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is a fundamental instruction for preventing gastritis. Alcohol causes direct mucosal injury, and tobacco interferes with the secretion of protective bicarbonate and impairs the healing process. This statement shows the client understands how to remove the external factors that trigger inflammation and aggravate the gastric lining.

C.Eating small, frequent meals is a strategy often used for dumping syndrome or hiatal hernias, but it is not the primary intervention for preventing chronic gastritis. In fact, frequent eating can stimulate constant acid production, which may further irritate the stomach. The focus should be on the quality of the diet and the avoidance of known irritants.

D.Coffee, even decaffeinated, is a known gastric irritant that stimulates acid secretion. A client stating that it is okay to continue drinking coffee demonstrates a lack of understanding regarding dietary triggers. To prevent recurrent symptoms, the nurse should instruct the client to eliminate caffeine and other highly acidic or spicy beverages that exacerbate inflammation.

A. “A decreased intake of carbohydrates will be required.” B. "An increased intake of vitamin C is necessary.” C. "I will increase my intake of protein." D. "I must decrease my intake of fat.”

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Nephrotic syndromeis characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and severe edema. The glomerular damage allows large amounts of plasma proteinsto leak into the urine. For patients who still have a normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR), the dietary goal is to replace the lost proteins to maintain oncotic pressureand support cellular repair, while also managing the metabolic complications like hyperlipidemia and fluid retention.

Rationale:

A.Carbohydrate intake does not need to be decreased in nephrotic syndrome unless the patient has comorbid diabetes. In fact, adequate carbohydrate intake is necessary to provide energy and prevent the body from breaking down protein for fuel (the protein-sparing effect). The client’s focus should remain on protein and lipid management rather than simple carbohydrate restriction.

B.While vitamin C is important for general immune health and tissue repair, there is no specific scientific requirement for "increased" intake as a primary treatment for nephrotic syndrome. The condition is defined by protein loss and lipid derangement, not a vitamin deficiency. The dietary teaching must prioritize the macros that are directly affected by the glomerular leaking.

C.The client should increase protein intakeif their GFR is normal to compensate for the massive amounts of albumin lost in the urine. High-quality protein helps rebuild serum protein levels, which is essential for maintaining oncotic pressure and reducing interstitial edema. This statement shows the client understands how to nutritionally offset the primary hallmark of their disease, which is proteinuria.

D.While hyperlipidemia occurs in nephrotic syndrome, the primary diet education for a patient with normal GFR and massive protein loss focuses on protein replacement. Decreasing fat is a secondary goal to manage high cholesterol levels, but it does not address the fundamental issue of hypoalbuminemia. The most direct and essential dietary intervention is the replenishment of protein stores.

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Physician order says ”Infuse Regular Insulin at 4 units/hr". You’re supplied with an IV bag of the prescribed medication that reads" 100 units per 100 mE’. How many hours will it take for this IV bag to infuse?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is teaching a client how to prevent recurrent chronic gastritis symptoms before discharge. Which statement by the client demonstrates a correct understanding of the nurse’s instruction?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

After teaching a client with nephrotic syndrome and normal glomerular filtration, the nurse assesses the client's understanding. Which statement made by the client indicates a correct understanding of diet therapy for this condition?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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