Prenatal testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is recommended for
a woman who has had a sexually transmitted infection.
a woman who has had more than one sexual partner.
a woman who is monogamous with her partner.
all women, regardless of risk factors.
The Correct Answer is D
A. a woman who has had a sexually transmitted infection: While a history of an STI does increase HIV risk, limiting testing to this group could miss asymptomatic carriers. Universal testing ensures that all infected individuals are identified early for treatment and prevention of perinatal transmission.
B. a woman who has had more than one sexual partner: Having multiple sexual partners raises HIV exposure risk, but focusing only on high-risk groups overlooks those infected through other means such as blood exposure or an unaware monogamous partner.
C. a woman who is monogamous with her partner: Even women in monogamous relationships may be unknowingly exposed if their partners are HIV-positive. Therefore, monogamy alone does not eliminate the need for testing.
D. all women, regardless of risk factors: Routine prenatal HIV testing is recommended for all pregnant women. Universal screening allows early initiation of antiretroviral therapy, significantly reducing the risk of mother-to-child transmission and improving maternal and fetal outcomes.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. 12 weeks: At 12 weeks gestation, the uterus has just risen out of the pelvis and can usually be palpated just above the symphysis pubis. It is not yet large enough to reach the level of the umbilicus at this point.
B. 36 weeks: By 36 weeks, the uterus typically reaches the xiphoid process as it expands to accommodate fetal growth. At this stage, the fundal height is well above the umbilicus, often causing maternal discomfort due to pressure on the diaphragm.
C. 20 weeks: Around 20 weeks gestation, the fundus of the uterus is usually palpable at the level of the maternal umbilicus. This finding is a standard clinical marker used to estimate gestational age and monitor fetal growth during routine prenatal exams.
D. 8 weeks: At 8 weeks gestation, the uterus remains a pelvic organ and is not palpable abdominally. It can only be assessed via bimanual examination or transvaginal ultrasound during early pregnancy.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. 4-2-5-6-1-3: This sequence places descent before engagement and flexion after engagement, which does not follow the typical progression of fetal movements during labor. Engagement usually occurs before descent.
B. 2-5-4-6-3-1: This order incorrectly places flexion before descent and extension after internal rotation, which does not align with the physiological process of vaginal birth. The fetus must descend before extension occurs.
C. 5-2-4-6-1-3: Starting with flexion before engagement is incorrect because engagement of the presenting part into the pelvis occurs prior to the fetus flexing its head. This disrupts the normal sequence of cardinal movements.
D. 2-4-5-6-1-3: Engagement occurs first as the fetal presenting part enters the pelvic inlet, followed by descent through the birth canal. Flexion of the fetal head allows passage through the pelvis, internal rotation aligns the head with the maternal pelvis, extension occurs as the head crowns, and external rotation completes the birth of the shoulders.
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